Defining pallial and subpallial divisions in the developing Xenopus forebrain

Bachy, Isabelle; Berthon, J.; Rétaux, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00199-5

Cited by 99 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To assess possible similarities in the loss-of-function phenotype we injected Control, FoxG1 or TLE2 MO into X. tropicalis embryos and performed whole-mount in situ hybridisation for the ventral telencephalon marker Nkx2.1. Nkx2.1 is also expressed in the diencephalon, but within the telencephalon it is good marker for the ventral-most part of the subpallium: the pallidum or medial ganglionic eminence (Bachy et al, 2002). In FoxG1 MO-injected embryos, the subpallial expression of Nkx2.1 was entirely missing (100%, n11), consistent with previous data from mouse and fish (Martynoga et al, 2005;Manuel et al, 2010;Danesin et al, 2009), and in TLE2 MO embryos it was greatly reduced (70%, n10) (Fig.…”

Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…FoxG1 and TLE2, but not TLE1, were also co-expressed in the anterior optic chiasm, which is the ventral boundary of the telencephalon with the diencephalon (Fig. 4C,H,L) (Bachy et al, 2002).…”

Section: Expression Of Tles and Foxg1 In X Tropicalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address whether the loss of ventral telencephalic fate is accompanied by an increase in dorsal markers, we assessed the expression of emx1, a dorsal telencephalic (pallial) marker (Bachy et al, 2002). emx1 expression was expanded ventrally in the FoxG1 MO embryos, but not in the TLE2 MO embryos (see Fig.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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FoxG1 and TLE2 act cooperatively to regulate ventral telencephalon formation

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYFoxG1 is a conserved transcriptional repressor that plays a key role in the specification, proliferation and differentiation of the telencephalon, and is expressed from the earliest stages of telencephalic development through to the adult. How the interaction with co-factors might influence the multiplicity and diversity of FoxG1 function is not known. Here, we show that interaction of FoxG1 with TLE2, a Xenopus tropicalis co-repressor of the Groucho/TLE family, is crucial for regulating the early activity of FoxG1. We show that TLE2 is co-expressed with FoxG1 in the ventral telencephalon from the early neural plate stage and functionally cooperates with FoxG1 in an ectopic neurogenesis assay. FoxG1 has two potential TLE binding sites: an N-terminal eh1 motif and a C-terminal YWPMSPF motif. Although direct binding seems to be mediated by the N-terminal motif, both motifs appear important for functional synergism. In the neurogenesis assay, mutation of either motif abolishes functional cooperation of TLE2 with FoxG1, whereas in the forebrain deletion of both motifs renders FoxG1 unable to induce the ventral telencephalic marker Nkx2.1. Knocking down either FoxG1 or TLE2 disrupts the development of the ventral telencephalon, supporting the idea that endogenous TLE2 and FoxG1 work together to specify the ventral telencephalon.

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Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Expression Of Tles and Foxg1 In X Tropicalismentioning

confidence: 99%

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FoxG1 and TLE2 act cooperatively to regulate ventral telencephalon formation

et al. 2010

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“…Scale bar, 100 m. Graphs depict mean Ϯ SEM. **p Ͻ 0.01. the onset of the inhibitor incubations at stage 33/34 (Bachy et al, 2001(Bachy et al, , 2002. Stage 33/34 embryos were exposed to the FGFR inhibitor SU5402 for 10 h and then processed for xlhx1, xlhx2, xlhx5, and xdll3 expression.…”

Section: Forebrain Identity Is Maintained After Late Inhibition Of Fgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…En route, RGC axons rely on cues expressed by the developing neuroepithelium to guide them through key decision points (Erskine and Herrera, 2007). The expression of FGFs and their receptors (FGFRs) is maintained late in development, after the Xenopus brain is essentially patterned, and during the period of optic tract growth and guidance (Golub et al, 2000;Bachy et al, 2001;Bachy et al, 2002). This led us to ask whether, in addition to their early role in patterning the neuroepithelium (Hongo et al, 1999), FGFs could play a later role in specifically maintaining the expression of guidance cues important for optic tract development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Expression of Axon Guidance Cues Required for Optic Tract Development Is Controlled by Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling

Atkinson‐Leadbeater¹,

Bertolesi²,

Hehr³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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Axons are guided to their targets by molecular cues expressed in their environment. How is the presence of these cues regulated? Although some evidence indicates that morphogens establish guidance cue expression as part of their role in patterning tissues, an important question is whether morphogens are then required to maintain guidance signals. We found that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling sustains the expression of two guidance cues, semaphorin3A (xsema3A) and slit1 (xslit1), throughout the period of Xenopus optic tract development. With FGF receptor inhibition, xsema3A and xslit1 levels were rapidly diminished, and retinal ganglion cell axons arrested in the mid-diencephalon, before reaching their target. Importantly, direct downregulation of XSema3A and XSlit1 mostly phenocopied this axon guidance defect. Thus, FGFs promote continued presence of specific guidance cues critical for normal optic tract development, suggesting a second later role for morphogens, independent of tissue patterning, in maintaining select cues by acting to regulate their transcription.

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