Defining menopausal status: The impact of longitudinal data

Kaufert, Patricia A.; Gilbert, Penny; Tate, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(87)90004-1

Cited by 136 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Concerning reproductive factors, nulliparous women experience early menopause 7 and increasing parity is associated with later menopause. 8 Early age at menarche has been suggested to be associated with later menopause 9 but the association has not been consistent. 23 Concerning lifestyle factors, smoking 4,11 and malnutrition 12 lead to early menopause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of body mass index on age at menopause

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE:We examined which of body mass index (BMI, kg=m 2 ), serum cholesterol (mg=dl), or systolic blood pressure (SBP, mm Hg) affected age at natural menopause. DESIGN: A population-based follow-up program. METHODS: We determined the age at natural menopause in 1136 women followed biennially since their first examination in 1958 -1959 through the 16th examination in 1988 -1989. Four-hundred and ninety-three naturally menopausal women were classified into three groups by BMI, serum cholesterol and SBP measurement levels at age 40 or 41 y: the upper 25%, middle 50%, and lower 25%. We then studied whether there was a difference in age at menopause among the three groups thus classified. The 1136 natural menopausal women were also classified as early (n ¼ 454; 45 -49 y at menopause (48.3 AE 1.2 y)) or late (n ¼ 682; ! 50 y at menopause (52.3 AE 1.6 y)) menopausal and compared for premenopausal trends in BMI, serum cholesterol and SBP in the early and late menopausal women by means of a longitudinal data analysis model. RESULTS: When women were classified into the three groups based on a BMI that was measured at 40 or 41 y, age at menopause in the upper 25% (50.4 AE 2.8 y) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the lower 25% (49.7 AE 2.8 y). The entire premenopausal trend in BMI in late menopausal women shifted upward compared to that in early menopausal women. On the other hand, the premenopausal trend more than 4 y before menopause in serum cholesterol and the entire premenopausal trend in SBP in late menopausal women were identical to those in early menopausal women. CONCLUSION: Among the variables studied, only BMI is related to age at menopause, and the greater the BMI, the later the age at menopause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of body mass index on age at menopause

et al. 2002

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“…last spontaneous menstrual bleeding within 6 months, no matter if the bleedings were irregular or not), postmenopausal using HT and postmenopausal without HT use. We considered women with 6 months without menstrual bleedings as postmenopausal, which is not according to the WHO definition, but Kaufert et al showed that menstrual bleedings occur in less than 10% of women after six months of amenorrhea (28). These groups were then cross- Statistics: Pearson chi-square test was used when analyzing differences between groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards the menopause and hormone therapy over the turn of the century

et al. 2007

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Objective: To assess attitudes and beliefs about the menopausal transition in a population of peri- and postmenopausal women, and if these attitudes differed before and after publication of studies on risks and benefits with hormone therapy (HT). Material and methods: In 1999 and 2003 all women aged 53 and 54 years in the community of Linköping, Sweden, were sent a questionnaire about use of HT, menopausal status and attitudes regarding menopause and HT. Results: Most women regarded menopause as a natural process characterized by both hormonal deficiency and aging and these views did not differ between 1999 and 2003. A majority of women thought that significant climacteric symptoms were a good reason to use HT, but not that women without symptoms should use HT. The fraction of women who supported HT use was, however, significantly lower in 2003 than in 1999. Most women agreed that menopause leads to increased freedom and that it is a relief not to have to think about contraception and pregnancies. Conclusions: Most Swedish women had a mainly biological view on menopause but nevertheless they thought that only women with climacteric symptoms should use HT. Women’s attitudes towards HT have changed after recent reports on risks from long-term use of HT whereas the attitudes towards the menopausal transition were stable. Other factors than attitudes towards menopause affect women’s actual use of HT. Probably women’s and health care provider’s apprehension of the risk-benefit balance of HT use is one such factor.Original publication: Lotta Lindh-Åstrand, Jan Brynhildsen, Mikael Hoffmann, Susanne Liffner and Mats Hammar, Attitudes towards the menopause and hormone therapy over the turn of the century, 2007, Maturitas, (56), 1, 12-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.05.002. Copyright: Elsevier B.V., http://www.elsevier.com

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“…The design included interview of women over the telephone at 6-monthly intervals for 3 yr. The initial cohort of 477 women, ages 45-55, represented 87% of the sample of an earlier cross-sectional study (40). An analysis of the longitudinal reports of menstrual periods documented that more than 100 different patterns of menstrual flow (e.g., regular followed by a skipped period, or no flow for 3 months followed by every other month) occurred in just over 300 women (40).…”

Section: A Manitoba Project On Women and Their Health In The Middle mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Manitoba Project, which began in the early 1980s, has provided a wealth of information about the perimenopausal period of women's lives (7,21,40,41,(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77). Although the original sample was not strictly population based, the design and subsequent conduct of the study met the best of epidemiological principles.…”

Section: A Manitoba Project On Women and Their Health In The Middle mentioning

confidence: 99%