Defining Investment Additionality for CDM projects—practical approaches

Greiner, Sandra; Michaelowa, Axel

doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00142-8

Cited by 88 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As there is widespread unwillingness to determine additionality on the basis of predefined quantitative thresholds (e.g. for internal rate of return, see Greiner and Michaelowa 2003), qualitative methods are likely to prevail. These however risk to be applied in an arbitrary way.…”

Section: Additionality Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDM host country institution building

Michaelowa

2003

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

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Contrary to earlier forecasts, the global greenhouse gas market will initially be characterised by low prices and a strong competition between the different Kyoto Mechanisms. The CDM involves higher transaction costs than the other mechanisms nd has lost a considerable share of its "early start" advantage due to the continuous delays in defining the CDM rules on the international level. Host countries will have to compete intensively for CDM investments. Thus the development of effective institutions is crucial to reap benefits from this market, especially if a unilateral strategy is chosen. Countries should develop approval criteria and sectoral priorities in a broad stakeholder consultation. Moreover, capacity building of local actors, information exchange as well as marketing has to be organised. Experience from several countries shows that clear competencies are crucial to get investor confidence. Long-term professional staff is also an important asset. Fights between ministries will scare off investors. The optimum institution will be a CDM Office that is independent but has full approval powers. A second-best solution is a two-tiered system. A CDM Board with representatives of ministries would define criteria and priorities whereas a CDM Secretariat would evaluate (and possibly approve) project proposals and do outreach and marketing. Small countries would preferably use the existing focal point of the UNFCCC and flexibly involve consultants if project proposals come in. Even under an optimal institutional structure, CDM projects will only be implemented if financing and contractual issues can be resolved.

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Section: Additionality Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDM host country institution building

Michaelowa

2003

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

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“…This implies the needs of some form of an additionality test that checks whether the adaptation would have happened anyhow. This could use tests like those under mitigation where the activity needs to be a documented money loser or something not already implemented in the region, as mentioned by Greiner and Michaelowa [80]. However, it may be desirable to use already implemented practices if they improve adaptation in a sub-region or among select parties where they are not now used.…”

Section: Additionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation in Agriculture

Arunanondchai¹,

Fei²,

McCarl³

2018

Climate Resilient Agriculture - Strategies and Perspectives

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Climate Change is continuing and happening faster than previously anticipated. Agriculture is vulnerable on a global scale and is currently adapting but will need to make further efforts in the future. Both public and private adaptation actions will need to occur, as certain potentially desirable adaptations are either not feasible or cost effective for private parties. Public action will play a crucial role in facilitating and supporting farmers to overcome barriers to adaptation and move toward a more sustainable and resilient agriculture. Here we discuss the sensitivity of agriculture to climate change and the adaptation strategies observed or potentially possible. We also discuss private and public roles in adaptation along with the constraints and barriers that limit adaptation. In addition, we discuss desirable factors to consider in adaptation project appraisal.

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“…It is the interpretation of the second paragraph which is more controversial. One group of experts interprets additionality as environmental additionality only, while the other group contends that environmental additionality is a necessary but not a sufficient condition, the additionality of the project itself (investment additionality) has to be proven in order to qualify for the CDM (Pearson et al, 2003;Greiner et al, 2003). The CDM Executive Board tends to lean towards the second interpretation as it asks project developers to apply a distinct additionality test.…”

Section: Coverage Of Cdm Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDM Potential of Dairy Sector in India

Michaelowa

Sirohi

2004

SSRN Journal

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Among the co-operative mechanisms established under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is the only one, which has the potential to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development by promoting environmentally friendly investment from industrialized country governments and businesses. Although, apart from nuclear energy and deforestation avoidance, all other projects are eligible under CDM, so far, the CDM projects have largely been confined to industrial sector and agricultural sector, in general has been left out. To assess the issues and opportunities presented by potential international markets for greenhouse gases offsets through the CDM and facilitate implementation of CDM in India, a National Startegy Study on CDM is already underway in the country. However, here again, the agriculture sector, in general, and livestock sector, in particular has not been included in the ambit of NSS, although in India total emissions of methane from livestock are highest. The present study is a pioneering attempt to examine the prospects of CDM projects in the Indian dairy sector. This report discusses the issues of baseline additionality and sustainable development in the context of CDM projects in the dairy sector in India, estimates the cost of various methane mitigation strategies in the sector and highlights the key constraints for the potential CDM projects in this sector.JEL Classification: Q54, Q18, O13

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Defining Investment Additionality for CDM projects—practical approaches

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

CDM host country institution building

CDM host country institution building

Adaptation in Agriculture

CDM Potential of Dairy Sector in India

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