Defining heat waves and extreme heat events using sub-regional meteorological data to maximize benefits of early warning systems to population health

McElroy, Sara; Schwarz, Lara; Green, Hunter; Corcos, Isabel A.; Guirguis, Kristen; Gershunov, Alexander; Benmarhnia, Tarik

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137678

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[38,143,144]. At the same time, in the world scientific literature, when studying their influence on human health, extreme tempera-ture changes observed for several days and sometimes for a longer time, are called heat (cold) waves [48,82,106,126,145].…”

Section: Definition Of Heat and Colds Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risks to the Russian Population from Temperature Extremes at the Beginning of the XXI Century

Grigorieva

Revich

2021

Atmosphere

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Climate change and climate-sensitive disasters caused by climatic hazards have a significant and increasing direct and indirect impact on human health. Due to its vast area, complex geographical environment and various climatic conditions, Russia is one of the countries that suffers significantly from frequent climate hazards. This paper provides information about temperature extremities in Russia in the beginning of the 21st century, and their impact on human health. A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and e-Library, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English and in Russian from 2000 to 2021. The results are summarized in 16 studies, which are divided into location-based groups, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg and other large cities located in various climatic zones: in the Arctic, in Siberia and in the southern regions, in ultra-continental and monsoon climate. Heat waves in cities with a temperate continental climate lead to a significant increase in all-cause mortality than cold waves, compared with cities in other climatic zones. At the same time, in northern cities, in contrast to the southern regions and central Siberia, the influence of cold waves is more pronounced on mortality than heat waves. To adequately protect the population from the effects of temperature waves and to carry out preventive measures, it is necessary to know specific threshold values of air temperature in each city.

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Section: Definition Of Heat and Colds Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risks to the Russian Population from Temperature Extremes at the Beginning of the XXI Century

Grigorieva

Revich

2021

Atmosphere

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“…Early warning systems are not available for some of the countries within Arabia, and this study not only calls for their establishment, but also suggests how they can be activated at a local scale for better outcomes considering the observed variability in the local seasonalities of extreme warm and cold seasons. Studies have shown that early warning systems are better implemented at the local scale to improve the accuracy of the warning and emergency preparedness [ 53 ]. This developed framework can help in such an important effort, as it provides a straightforward scheme not only to distinguish extreme temperature events of possible great risk but also to recognize their seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Climatology (1991–2020) and Trends in Local Warm and Cold Season Extreme Temperature Days and Nights in Arabia

Alghamdi

2022

IJERPH

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The Arabian Peninsula (Arabia) is among the places to have experienced the greatest amount of warming during recent decades, and this trend is projected to continue. Specifics related to the characteristics (frequency, duration, and intensity) of extreme temperature events (ETEs) over Arabia as a whole are either largely outdated or limited only to specific areas. The seasonal ETE definitions commonly used in local studies are neither climatological- nor phenomenon-based. Using a novel and straightforward framework, the seasons of four extreme temperature types (extreme warm days/nights (EWDs/EWNs) and extreme cold days/nights (ECDs/ECNs)) were identified on the simultaneous basis of event occurrence and impact times. Assessments of ETE frequency, duration, and intensity and their recent changes were then provided based on the most recent climate data (1991–2020). Results showed that the use of traditional seasonal definitions (e.g., meteorological seasons) tends to assume a spatiotemporal homogeneity in the seasonality of ETEs and their potential risk levels throughout the year. The developed framework distinguished months with events that have larger potential impacts together with their local seasons. ETE seasons were found to vary at the regional and local scales and are better defined at both the local and phenomenon levels. Early extreme warm events were hotter, and those at locations with longer local warm seasons demonstrated higher intensities. ECDs tended to be more frequent at coastal locations, whereas ECNs were more frequent over southwestern Arabia. Early and late extreme cold events were much colder than those occurring mid-season. Trend analyses revealed generally increasing regional trends in the frequency of extreme warm events, whereas extreme cold events have declined. The duration (i.e., consecutive occurrences) and intensity of EWNs have been increasing at more locations, suggesting that urgent attention is needed within such an arid and hot climate type in which nighttime stress relief is already very limited.

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“…Heat wave disasters have become more frequent and severe with global warming [1,2] and have destructive impacts on national economies and human health [3,4]. With continued urban development, temperature records of major metropolises in the eastern coastal region of China (e.g., the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Pearl River Delta, and the Yangtze River Delta) have surged significantly compared with those of surrounding cities; additionally, the urban heat island effect caused by urbanization enhances heat wave impacts [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning-Based Method for Detection of External Air Conditioner Units from Street View Images

Yang

Wang

2021

Remote Sensing

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Heat waves may negatively impact the economy and human life under global warming. The use of air conditioners can reduce the vulnerability of humans to heat wave disasters. However, air conditioner usage has been not clear until now. Traditional registration investigation methods are cumbersome and require expensive labor and time. This study used a Labelme image tagging tool and an available street view images database to firstly establish a monographic dataset to detect external air conditioner unit features and proposed two deep learning algorithms of Mask-RCNN and YOLOv5 to automatically retrieve air conditioners. The training dataset used street view images in the 2nd Ring Road area of downtown Beijing. The model evaluation mAP of Mask-RCNN and YOLOv5 reached 0.99 and 0.9428. In comparison, the performance of YOLOv5 was superior, which is attributed to the YOLOv5 model being better at detecting smaller target entities equipped with a lighter network structure and an enhanced feature extraction network. We demonstrated the feasibility of using street view images to retrieve air conditioners and showed their great potential to detect air conditioners in the future.

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Defining heat waves and extreme heat events using sub-regional meteorological data to maximize benefits of early warning systems to population health

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Health Risks to the Russian Population from Temperature Extremes at the Beginning of the XXI Century

Health Risks to the Russian Population from Temperature Extremes at the Beginning of the XXI Century

Recent Climatology (1991–2020) and Trends in Local Warm and Cold Season Extreme Temperature Days and Nights in Arabia

Deep Learning-Based Method for Detection of External Air Conditioner Units from Street View Images

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