Defining Eco-Morphodynamic Requirements for Rehabilitating Eroding Mangrove-Mud Coasts

Effects of different management regimes on mangrove ecosystem services in Java, Indonesia

“…Although these dykes may offer some protection against wave impacts in the short term, they do not buffer against storm surges. Moreover, Winterwerp et al (2013) demonstrated that in the longer term dykes exacerbate erosion in former mangrove mud coasts. Hard structures, such as aquaculture pond bunds and breakwaters, disturb the balance of incoming and outgoing sediment.…”

“…These bigger waves can erode two to four times more soil in front of the hard structure, eventually leading to the collapse of the structure. Such collapsed sea walls are useless in preventing erosion, but still increase the height of the waves (Winterwerp et al 2013; Figure 14). Hence, this can be considered a disservice.…”

“…Incoming waves and storm surges are expected to gain in height and level due to remaining (even collapsed) structures (Winterwerp et al, 2013). Finally, sediments of abandoned aquaculture ponds contain high amounts of P and N. The majority of the effluents' N and P is stored in sediments, so abandoned ponds can be seen as sources of continuous pollution of excess nutrients (Robertson and Phillips, 1995).…”

Coastal and riverine ecosystems as adaptive flood defenses under a changing climate

“…Uncertainty on how this risk will manifest requires flexible measures that can easily be adapted to changing external conditions (Ranger et al 2013;van Wesenbeeck et al 2014). Current flood risk mitigation strategies focus on hard engineering measures that are not adaptive and have additional negative impacts (Winterwerp et al 2013;van Wesenbeeck et al 2014). Typically, these defenses are designed to provide a specified standard of protection by withstanding flooding up to a certain water level and wave height (CIRIA et al 2013).…”

The mangrove tangle : short-term bio-physical interactions in coastal mangroves

“…Knowledge on the bio-physical functioning of mangroves is key to understanding mangroves' persistence in view of global climate change effects and anthropogenic threats. Such resilience issues comprise mangrove adaptation to increased water levels caused by sea level rise [Alongi, 2008;Webb et al, 2013], reduced tidal prism due to the conversion of mangrove forests to aqua-or agriculture or for other purposes [Mazda et al, 1995;Thampanya et al, 2006;Winterwerp et al, 2013], changes in mangrove cover induced by (natural) dynamics of mangrove composition and structure [Dahdouh-Guebas et al, 2000] or sediment starvation due to river damming .…”