“…MND1, belonging to the family Nitrosomonadaceae, was enriched in the 2-mm zone and represents taxonomic units comprising ammoniaoxidizing bacteria (Kong et al, 2016). The abundance of genera Nitrospira and Nitrolancea, responsible for NO 2 − oxidization (Spieck et al, 2020) decreased in the pristine biochar treatment, but did not show any differences between the 2-and 10-mm zones. Moreover, the full nitrification process (NH 4 + → NO 2 − → NO 3 − ) can be completed by some species of Nitrospira, making the Nitrospira genus a key component of the N-cycling bacterial community (van Kessel et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017).…”
Section: Spatial Variation In Distribution Of N-cycling Functional Across the Charospherementioning
Unique spatial niches created by biochar form a dynamic biogeochemical soil zone, termed the "charosphere". Charosphere soil has different properties from either soil or biochar, often acting as a hotspot for microbial activity. However, the direction and magnitude of charosphere effects on soil processes and microbial communities remain inconclusive. Herein, we designed a multi-sectional box to separate charosphere soils from biochar under waterlogged conditions, investigating millimeter-scale changes in bacterial communities and distributions of specific genera across the charosphere created by pristine biochar (produced from corn stover at 300 • C), acid-modified biochar and washed biochar. The pristine biochar did not increase bacterial α-diversity but altered bacterial composition by promoting the growth of specific bacterial taxa and suppressing other species. In comparison, washed and acid-modified biochar increased the bacterial α-diversity. The pristine biochar significantly decreased N 2 O emission and NO 3 − concentration owing to a lower soil nitrification potential. Abundances of N-cycling functional taxa were higher in the near-charosphere than outer-charosphere zone, especially for Bacillus (N 2 -fixation), MND1 (ammonia oxidation) and Rhodopseudomonas (denitrification). The spatial distribution of functional genes and genera documents the importance of heterogeneity within the charosphere gradient, providing a novel perspective into functional geometry to understand how biochar reduces N losses from agroecosystems.
“…MND1, belonging to the family Nitrosomonadaceae, was enriched in the 2-mm zone and represents taxonomic units comprising ammoniaoxidizing bacteria (Kong et al, 2016). The abundance of genera Nitrospira and Nitrolancea, responsible for NO 2 − oxidization (Spieck et al, 2020) decreased in the pristine biochar treatment, but did not show any differences between the 2-and 10-mm zones. Moreover, the full nitrification process (NH 4 + → NO 2 − → NO 3 − ) can be completed by some species of Nitrospira, making the Nitrospira genus a key component of the N-cycling bacterial community (van Kessel et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017).…”
Section: Spatial Variation In Distribution Of N-cycling Functional Across the Charospherementioning
Unique spatial niches created by biochar form a dynamic biogeochemical soil zone, termed the "charosphere". Charosphere soil has different properties from either soil or biochar, often acting as a hotspot for microbial activity. However, the direction and magnitude of charosphere effects on soil processes and microbial communities remain inconclusive. Herein, we designed a multi-sectional box to separate charosphere soils from biochar under waterlogged conditions, investigating millimeter-scale changes in bacterial communities and distributions of specific genera across the charosphere created by pristine biochar (produced from corn stover at 300 • C), acid-modified biochar and washed biochar. The pristine biochar did not increase bacterial α-diversity but altered bacterial composition by promoting the growth of specific bacterial taxa and suppressing other species. In comparison, washed and acid-modified biochar increased the bacterial α-diversity. The pristine biochar significantly decreased N 2 O emission and NO 3 − concentration owing to a lower soil nitrification potential. Abundances of N-cycling functional taxa were higher in the near-charosphere than outer-charosphere zone, especially for Bacillus (N 2 -fixation), MND1 (ammonia oxidation) and Rhodopseudomonas (denitrification). The spatial distribution of functional genes and genera documents the importance of heterogeneity within the charosphere gradient, providing a novel perspective into functional geometry to understand how biochar reduces N losses from agroecosystems.
“…Moreover, due to the fact that the media (wastes) were enriched in N compounds, many N oxidizing bacteria were present in the initial community, e.g., Nitrolancea that is a nitrite oxidizing bacterium present in different OBs (S6_OB 13% 2 vs 4% 1 in batch). These bacteria were then lost in the CBs because, probably, of the effect of both temperature batch growth temperature (25° C), which was lower than their optimum (37° C), and low ability to compete with other bacteria in the consortia (Spieck et al, 2020).…”
Pure microalgae cultivation in organic wastes may be hampered by their low adaptation to extreme growth conditions and by the risk of microbial contamination. This work aimed to isolate self-adapted microalgae-microbial consortia able to survive in organic wastes characterized by extreme conditions, to be then proposed for technological application in removing carbon and nutrients from wastes' streams. To do so, sixteen organic wastes with different origins and consistency were sampled.Twelve microbial consortia were isolated from wastes and their eukaryotic and prokaryotic compositions were analyzed by next generation sequencing. Eight eukaryotic communities were dominated by Chlorophyta, led by Chlorella, able to survive in different wastes regardless of chemical-biological properties. Tetradesmus, the second most represented genus, grew preferentially in substrates with less stressing chemical-physical parameters. Chlorella and Tetradesmus were mostly isolated from cow slurry and derived wastes which proved to be the best local residual organic source.
“…Some NOB of the phylum Chloroflexi ( Nitrolancea , Cand. Nitrocaldera) turned out to require an external N-source for assimilation, because genes for the reduction of nitrite to ammonium are missing (Sorokin et al 2012 ; Spieck et al 2020a , b ). Similarly, reproducible growth of Cand.…”
Section: Lessons Learned From
Cand
Nitrotoga Culturesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The awareness of this NOB increased once again with the discovery of comammox Nitrospira , combining ammonia and nitrite oxidation in a single cell (Daims et al 2015 ; Van Kessel et al 2015 ). Although research on nitrite oxidation has a long tradition in microbiology, an impressive taxonomic and physiological diversity was uncovered only within the last few years (Koch et al 2014 , 2015 ; Daims et al 2016 ; Spieck et al 2020a , b ; Mueller et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Many biotechnological applications deal with nitrification, one of the main steps of the global nitrogen cycle. The biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and further to nitrate is critical to avoid environmental damage and its functioning has to be retained even under adverse conditions. Bacteria performing the second reaction, oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, are fastidious microorganisms that are highly sensitive against disturbances. One important finding with relevance for nitrogen removal systems was the discovery of the mainly cold-adapted Cand. Nitrotoga, whose activity seems to be essential for the recovery of nitrite oxidation in wastewater treatment plants at low temperatures, e.g., during cold seasons. Several new strains of this genus have been recently described and ecophysiologically characterized including genome analyses. With increasing diversity, also mesophilic Cand. Nitrotoga representatives have been detected in activated sludge. This review summarizes the natural distribution and driving forces defining niche separation in artificial nitrification systems. Further critical aspects for the competition with Nitrospira and Nitrobacter are discussed. Knowledge about the physiological capacities and limits of Cand. Nitrotoga can help to define physico-chemical parameters for example in reactor systems that need to be run at low temperatures.
Key points
• Characterization of the psychrotolerant nitrite oxidizer Cand. Nitrotoga
• Comparison of the physiological features of Cand. Nitrotoga with those of other NOB
• Identification of beneficial environmental/operational parameters for proliferation
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