Defining and identifying Sleeping Beauties in science

Ke, Qing; Ferrara, Emilio; Radicchi, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro

doi:10.1073/pnas.1424329112

Cited by 352 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The literature has showed a difference of scientific production across countries, citations of articles, and coauthored papers among countries/research institutions for various fields of science (6,12,14,(16)(17)(18). The pioneering study by Frame and Carpenter (14) showed, using the data from the 1973 Science Citation Index, that basic fields (e.g., physics) have higher levels of international collaboration than predominantly applied fields (e.g., engineering/technology).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Coccia

Wang

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

101

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International research collaboration plays an important role in the social construction and evolution of science. Studies of science increasingly analyze international collaboration across multiple organizations for its impetus in improving research quality, advancing efficiency of the scientific production, and fostering breakthroughs in a shorter time. However, long-run patterns of international research collaboration across scientific fields and their structural changes over time are hardly known. Here we show the convergence of international scientific collaboration across research fields over time. Our study uses a dataset by the National Science Foundation and computes the fraction of papers that have international institutional coauthorships for various fields of science. We compare our results with pioneering studies carried out in the 1970s and 1990s by applying a standardization method that transforms all fractions of internationally coauthored papers into a comparable framework. We find, over 1973–2012, that the evolution of collaboration patterns across scientific disciplines seems to generate a convergence between applied and basic sciences. We also show that the general architecture of international scientific collaboration, based on the ranking of fractions of international coauthorships for different scientific fields per year, has tended to be unchanged over time, at least until now. Overall, this study shows, to our knowledge for the first time, the evolution of the patterns of international scientific collaboration starting from initial results described by literature in the 1970s and 1990s. We find a convergence of these long-run collaboration patterns between the applied and basic sciences. This convergence might be one of contributing factors that supports the evolution of modern scientific fields.

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confidence: 99%

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Coccia

Wang

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

101

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“…Revival of old, dormant ideas has also been common. These "sleeping beauties" involve a proposal of a scientific idea "ahead of its time", and thus with little immediate fanfare, only to be "rediscovered" and revived many years later [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Glazier

2018

Systems

112

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Why the rate of metabolism varies (scales) in regular, but diverse ways with body size is a perennial, incompletely resolved question in biology. In this article, I discuss several examples of the recent rediscovery and (or) revival of specific metabolic scaling relationships and explanations for them previously published during the nearly 200-year history of allometric studies. I carry out this discussion in the context of the four major modal mechanisms highlighted by the contextual multimodal theory (CMT) that I published in this journal four years ago. These mechanisms include metabolically important processes and their effects that relate to surface area, resource transport, system (body) composition, and resource demand. In so doing, I show that no one mechanism can completely explain the broad diversity of metabolic scaling relationships that exists. Multi-mechanistic models are required, several of which I discuss. Successfully developing a truly general theory of biological scaling requires the consideration of multiple hypotheses, causal mechanisms and scaling relationships, and their integration in a context-dependent way. A full awareness of the rich history of allometric studies, an openness to multiple perspectives, and incisive experimental and comparative tests can help this important quest.

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“…Bibliometrics are commonly used for this kind of performance evaluations (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7), and the volume of grant income is also generally seen as a good indicator of performance. Although many studies have examined the collaboration patterns originating from publication information (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), little is known about the characteristics of project collaborations supported by research funding, which is undoubtedly a type of research output in its own right, but also the origin of other research outputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anatomy of funded research in science

Mondragón

Latora

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Seeking research funding is an essential part of academic life. Funded projects are primarily collaborative in nature through internal and external partnerships, but what role does funding play in the formulation of these partnerships? Here, by examining over 43,000 scientific projects funded over the past three decades by one of the major government research agencies in the world, we characterize how the funding landscape has changed and its impacts on the underlying collaboration networks across different scales. We observed rising inequality in the distribution of funding and that its effect was most noticeable at the institutional level-the leading universities diversified their collaborations and increasingly became the knowledge brokers in the collaboration network. Furthermore, it emerged that these leading universities formed a rich club (i.e., a cohesive core through their close ties) and this reliance among them seemed to be a determining factor for their research success, with the elites in the core overattracting resources but also rewarding in terms of both research breadth and depth. Our results reveal how collaboration networks organize in response to external driving forces, which can have major ramifications on future research strategy and government policy. , and tremendous effort has been put in place in maximizing research output, because assessment outcomes often have a direct financial impact on an institution's revenue (1). Bibliometrics are commonly used for this kind of performance evaluations (2-7), and the volume of grant income is also generally seen as a good indicator of performance. Although many studies have examined the collaboration patterns originating from publication information (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), little is known about the characteristics of project collaborations supported by research funding, which is undoubtedly a type of research output in its own right, but also the origin of other research outputs.The volume of funding is often subject to direct and indirect constraints arising from internal research strategies and different levels of policy set out by the funding bodies and ultimately by the national government. This manifests into different emphases on both the research area and mode of collaboration, and potentially influences the way we form a project team. We have already seen examples of adaptive changes in our collaboration practices. For instance, research in the science and engineering sector is said to be increasingly interorganizational (15). In addition, there are different theories on the factors that may affect the establishment of a collaboration and how well a research team operates (13, 16). Elite universities were recognized as catalysts for facilitating largescale multipartner research collaborations (15), and multidisciplinary collaborations were found to have higher potential to foster research outcomes (17). As a result, the setup of a project consortium for a grant application might require considerable strategic planning, because who and...

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Defining and identifying Sleeping Beauties in science

Cited by 352 publications

References 52 publications

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Evolution and convergence of the patterns of international scientific collaboration

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Anatomy of funded research in science

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