Deficits in Sensory Integration in Educationally Handicapped Children

Ayres, A. Jean

doi:10.1177/002221946900200307

Cited by 100 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Test results on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests, portions of the Sensory Processing Measure representing tactile overresponsiveness, and parent report of attention and activity level were included in the analyses. Exploratory factor analysis identified patterns similar to those found in early studies by Ayres (1965Ayres ( , 1966aAyres ( , 1966bAyres ( , 1969Ayres ( , 1972bAyres ( , 1977Ayres ( , & 1989, namely Visuodyspraxia and Somatodyspraxia, Vestibular and Proprioceptive Bilateral Integration and Sequencing, Tactile and Visual Discrimination, and Tactile Defensiveness and Attention. Findings reinforce associations between constructs of sensory integration and assist with understanding sensory integration disorders that may affect childhood occupation.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…Other patterns, such as those involving language functions or associations between two or more areas of sensory perception, were found in some studies (Ayres, 1969(Ayres, , 1972b(Ayres, , 1977(Ayres, , 1989.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 79%

“…Mulligan suggested that they had a common underlying construct and reinforced the concept of integration of multiple sensory inputs from multiple sensory systems as being important for neurological functioning. The factor loadings found in the studies by Mulligan (1998) and Ayres (1965Ayres ( , 1966aAyres ( , 1966bAyres ( , 1969Ayres ( , 1972bAyres ( , 1977Ayres ( , 1989) also provided insight into specific relationships among functions, such as the role of somatosensory perception in relation to motor planning and the relationships between vestibular, postural-ocular, and bilateral functions.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 93%

“…• Tactile and motor planning deficits, termed somatodyspraxia in the later studies (Ayres, 1965(Ayres, , 1966a(Ayres, , 1966b(Ayres, , 1969(Ayres, , 1971(Ayres, , 1972b(Ayres, , 1977(Ayres, , 1989); • Visual perception and visual praxis deficits, termed visuodyspraxia in the later studies (Ayres, 1963(Ayres, , 1965(Ayres, , 1966a(Ayres, , 1966b(Ayres, , 1969(Ayres, , 1972b(Ayres, , 1977(Ayres, , 1989); • Vestibular, postural, bilateral integration, and sequencing deficits, given various names as knowledge of these functions evolved and new measures were added (Ayres, 1965(Ayres, , 1966b(Ayres, , 1969(Ayres, , 1971(Ayres, , 1972b(Ayres, , 1977(Ayres, , 1989; and • Tactile defensiveness with hyperactivity and distractibility, also known as sensory overresponsiveness (Ayres, 1964(Ayres, , 1965(Ayres, , 1966b(Ayres, , 1969(Ayres, , 1972b. Other patterns, such as those involving language functions or associations between two or more areas of sensory perception, were found in some studies (Ayres, 1969(Ayres, , 1972b(Ayres, , 1977(Ayres, , 1989.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Verification and Clarification of Patterns of Sensory Integrative Dysfunction

Mailloux¹,

Mulligan

Roley³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Building on established relationships between the constructs of sensory integration in typical and special needs populations, in this retrospective study we examined patterns of sensory integrative dysfunction in 273 children ages 4-9 who had received occupational therapy evaluations in two private practice settings. Test results on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests, portions of the Sensory Processing Measure representing tactile overresponsiveness, and parent report of attention and activity level were included in the analyses. Exploratory factor analysis identified patterns similar to those found in early studies by Ayres

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Verification and Clarification of Patterns of Sensory Integrative Dysfunction

Mailloux¹,

Mulligan

Roley³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

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“…Rhesus monkeys were used because of the large amount of available data on their behavior and development in laboratory settings (Harlow & Harlow, 1969;Suomi, 1997) A. Jean Ayres (1964), an occupational therapist and educational psychologist, coined the term "tactile defensiveness" to characterize the behavioral correlates of a pattern described as "feelings of discomfort and a desire to escape the situation when certain types of tactile stimuli are experienced" (1964, p. 8). Ayres showed that tactile defensiveness or overresponsiveness to tactile stimuli was consistently related to hyperactive and distractible behavior in children (Ayres, 1965(Ayres, , 1966(Ayres, , 1969(Ayres, , 1972. Overresponsiveness to tactile stimuli is easily recognized in children (McIntosh, Miller, Shyu, & Dunn, 1999) and there has been some success in treating it with sensory-based interventions (Ayres & Tickle, 1980;Mailloux, 2001;Miller, Wilbarger, Stackhouse, & Trunnell, 2002;.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Processing Disorder in a Primate Model: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Alcohol and Prenatal Stress Effects

et al. 2008

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Disrupted sensory processing, characterized by over-or underresponsiveness to environmental stimuli, has been reported in children with a variety of developmental disabilities. This study examined the effects of prenatal stress and moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure on tactile sensitivity and its relationship to striatal dopamine system function in thirty-eight 5-to 7-year-old rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were from four experimental conditions: (a) prenatal alcohol exposed, (b) prenatal stress, (c) prenatal alcohol exposed + prenatal stress, and (d) sucrose controls. Increased D 2 receptor binding in the striatum, evaluated using positron emission tomography neuroimaging, was related to increased withdrawal (aversion) responses to repetitive tactile stimuli and reduced habituation across trials. Moreover, prenatal stress significantly increased overall withdrawal responses to repetitive tactile stimulation compared to no prenatal stress.Sensory processing disorders, characterized by under-or overresponsiveness to sensory stimulation that most individuals perceive as harmless (Ayres & Robbins, 1979) NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript estimated to occur in 5% of the general population (Ahn, Miller, Milberger, & McIntosh, 2004) and seem to pose a unique challenge for people with developmental disabilities (Baranek, 2002), including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fragile X syndrome, and other developmental disabilities (Ayres & Tickle, 1980;Baranek, 1999;Baranek & Berkson, 1994;Baranek, Foster, & Berkson, 1997;Cermak & Daunhauer, 1997;Grandin, 1992;Kinnealey, 1973;Larson, 1982;Mangeot et al., 2001;Miller et al., 1999). Understanding the neurobiological processes associated with sensory processing disruptions is important to developing appropriate preventative and intervention approaches.This study examined whether disrupted sensory processing occurs in monkeys as a result of prenatal exposure to alcohol and/or stress, and if so, whether it would be associated with dopamine functioning in the striatum assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging. We employed a primate model for these studies because in human studies causal conclusions are difficult to reach due to confounding variables. Even with the best statistical analyses it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate completely the effects of variables associated with alcohol use, such as psychological stress, tobacco use, or chaotic home life, from the effects of fetal alcohol exposure per se. Nonhuman primates also have the advantage of gestation characteristics and early development similar to the human, and their shorter life span makes longitudinal studies somewhat easier to conduct. Rhesus monkeys were used because of the large amount of available data on their behavior and development in laboratory settings (Harlow & Harlow, 1969;Suomi, 1997) A. Jean Ayres (1964), an occupational therapist and educational psychologist, coined the term "tactile defensiveness" t...

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Ayres, A. Jean

Schultz-Krohn¹

2021

Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Deficits in Sensory Integration in Educationally Handicapped Children

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Verification and Clarification of Patterns of Sensory Integrative Dysfunction

Verification and Clarification of Patterns of Sensory Integrative Dysfunction

Sensory Processing Disorder in a Primate Model: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Alcohol and Prenatal Stress Effects

Ayres, A. Jean

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