Deficit in schizophrenia to recruit the striatum in implicit learning: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Reiss, Jeffrey P.; Campbell, Darren W.; Leslie, William D.; Paulus, Martin P.; Ryner, Lawrence; Polimeni, Joseph; Foot, Brendon J.; Sareen, Jitender

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.027

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This observed dissociation between reported experience and reinforcement-related neural activity is consistent with previous findings in the SZ neuroimaging literature of differences in measures of neural activity accompanying apparently normal performance (Murray et al 2007; Reiss et al 2006) and normal subjective-experience (Takahashi et al 2004). It is of note that reward-related neural responses (to cues in the ventral striatum and to outcomes in PFC) were most aberrant in patients with the highest ratings for negative symptoms (such as avolition and anhedonia), consistent with previous reports (e.g., Simon et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Abnormal Responses to Monetary Outcomes in Cortex, but not in the Basal Ganglia, in Schizophrenia

Waltz

Schweitzer

Ross

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

140

141

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Psychosis has been associated with aberrant brain activity concurrent with both the anticipation and integration of monetary outcomes. The extent to which abnormal reward-related neural signals can be observed in chronic, medicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), however, is not clear. In an fMRI study involving 17 chronic outpatients with SZ and 17 matched controls, we used a monetary incentive delay (MID) task, in which different-colored shapes predicted gains, losses, or neutral outcomes. Subjects needed to respond to a target within a time window in order to receive the indicated gain, or avoid the indicated loss. Group differences in BOLD responses to cues and outcomes were assessed through voxel-wise whole-brain analyses and regions-of-interest analyses in the neostriatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Significant group by outcome valence interactions were observed in medial and lateral PFC, lateral temporal cortex, and the amygdalae, such that controls, but not patients, showed greater activation for gains, relative to losses. In the striatum, neural activity was modulated by outcome magnitude in both groups. Additionally, we found that ratings of negative symptoms in patients correlated with sensitivity to obtained losses in medial PFC, obtained gains in lateral PFC, and anticipated gains in left ventral striatum. Sensitivity to obtained gains in lateral PFC also correlated with positive symptom scores in patients. Our findings of systematic relationships between clinical symptoms and neural responses to stimuli associated with rewards and punishments offer promise that reward-related neural responses may provide sensitive probes of the effectiveness of treatments for negative symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Abnormal Responses to Monetary Outcomes in Cortex, but not in the Basal Ganglia, in Schizophrenia

Waltz

Schweitzer

Ross

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

140

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Participants with schizophrenia who were treated with typical antipsychotic medications similarly showed impaired serial reaction time learning (Kumari et al 2002;Stevens et al 2002), but a group receiving predominantly atypical (but not riperidone) antipsychotics showed no significant impairment (Zedkova et al 2006). Unmedicated first episode schizophrenia patients showed no significant impairment of serial reaction time learning and no striatal pathology in functional magnetic resonance imaging, contrasting the striatal pathology often reported in medicated patients (Reiss et al 2006;Purdon et al 2011, testing schizophrenia patients treated with haloperidol on a visual tracking task, found a learning impairment that was positively correlated with striatal D 2 receptor occupancy. Results suggest that treatment with typical antipsychotic medications leads to impairments in NDM tasks that depend on the striatum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Probabilistic classification and gambling in patients with schizophrenia receiving medication: comparison of risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine and typical antipsychotics

et al. 2012

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“…Our finding of attenuated prediction-error-related activity in schizophrenia is consistent with the results of a recent neuroimaging study (Murray et al 2007), which found evidence of abnormal prediction error responses in the midbrain, among other brain regions, in SZ patients performing an operant learning paradigm. Several other studies have identified attenuated responses in the striatum in SZ patients (Kumari et al 2002; Reiss et al 2006), associated with the feedback-driven learning of procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Patients with Schizophrenia have a Reduced Neural Response to Both Unpredictable and Predictable Primary Reinforcers

Waltz

Schweitzer

Gold

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

173

158

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One prevalent theory of learning states that dopamine neurons signal mismatches between expected and actual outcomes, called temporal difference errors (TDEs). Evidence indicates that dopamine system dysfunction plays a role in negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ), including avolition and anhedonia. As such, we predicted that brain responses to TDEs in dopamine midbrain nuclei and target areas would be abnormal in SZ. Eighteen clinically-stable patients with chronic schizophrenia and 18 controls participated in an fMRI study, which used a passive conditioning task. In the task, the delivery of a small amount of juice followed a light stimulus by exactly 6 seconds on approximately 75% of 78 total trials, and was further delayed by 4–7 s on the remaining trials. The delayed juice delivery was designed to elicit the two types of TDE signals, associated with the recognition that a reward was omitted at the expected time, and delivered at an unexpected time. Main effects of TDE valence and group differences in the positive – negative TDE contrast (unexpected juice deliveries – juice omissions) were assessed through whole-brain and regions-of-interest (ROI) analyses. Main effects of TDE valence were observed for the entire sample in the midbrain, left putamen, left cerebellum, and primary gustatory cortex, bilaterally. Whole-brain analyses revealed group differences in the positive – negative TDE contrast in the right putamen and left precentral gyrus, while ROI analyses revealed additional group differences in the midbrain, insula and parietal operculum, on the right, the putamen and cerebellum, on the left, and the frontal operculum, bilaterally. Further, these group differences were generally driven by attenuated responses in patients to positive TDEs (unexpected juice deliveries), whereas responses to negative TDEs (unexpected juice omissions) were largely intact. Patients also showed reductions in responses to juice deliveries on standard trials, and more blunted reinforcer responses in the left putamen corresponded to higher ratings of avolition. These results provide evidence that SZ patients show abnormal brain responses associated with the processing of a primary reinforcer, which may be a source of motivational deficits.

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Deficit in schizophrenia to recruit the striatum in implicit learning: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Cited by 38 publications

References 74 publications

Abnormal Responses to Monetary Outcomes in Cortex, but not in the Basal Ganglia, in Schizophrenia

Abnormal Responses to Monetary Outcomes in Cortex, but not in the Basal Ganglia, in Schizophrenia

Probabilistic classification and gambling in patients with schizophrenia receiving medication: comparison of risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine and typical antipsychotics

Patients with Schizophrenia have a Reduced Neural Response to Both Unpredictable and Predictable Primary Reinforcers

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