Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression

Goeleven, Ellen; Raedt, Rudi De; Baert, Saskia; Koster, Ernst H. W.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.007

Cited by 262 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Numerous studies using different experimental paradigms have demonstrated that depression is characterized by attentional biases for negative information at later stages of information processing (for a review, see De Raedt & Koster, 2010). It has been demonstrated that this problem reflects difficulties to inhibit negative information (Goeleven, De Raedt, Baert, & Koster, 2006, see also Joorman, 2004 or to disengage attention away from external negative information (Leyman, De Raedt, Schacht, & Koster, 2007). Although most of these studies have used visual cueing paradigms, evidence for control problems towards internal representations in depression could also be found (e.g.…”

Section: A Cognitive Framework Of Depression and The Relationship Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurostimulation as an intervention for treatment resistant depression: From research on mechanisms towards targeted neurocognitive strategies

Raedt

Vanderhasselt

Baeken

2015

Clinical Psychology Review

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103

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Despite the fact that several interventions for major depression have proven efficacy, a substantial number of patients are or become treatment resistant to various forms of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Biological interventions that directly target brain activity such as electroconvulsive therapy are used to treat these patients, but some of these interventions are unlikely to be easily accepted because of their more invasive nature or sideeffects. The efficacy of non-invasive neurostimulation with a favorable side effect profile, such as repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, could not be sufficiently demonstrated for treatment resistant depressed patients (TRD). We argue that research on the working mechanisms of these neurostimulation techniques is necessary to develop more efficient treatment protocols. After an overview of current neurostimulation approaches to treatment resistance and the introduction of a neurobiological and a cognitive framework of depression, we provide an integrative review of research on both the neurobiological and cognitive working mechanisms of neurostimulation in TRD, with a specific emphasis on the work of our lab. Thereafter, we describe our own studies and studies from other labs on new neurocognitive interventions. Finally we discuss how all this knowledge can be used to further develop new strategies to deal with treatment resistance, in combining neurostimulation and cognitive interventions.

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Section: A Cognitive Framework Of Depression and The Relationship Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurostimulation as an intervention for treatment resistant depression: From research on mechanisms towards targeted neurocognitive strategies

Raedt

Vanderhasselt

Baeken

2015

Clinical Psychology Review

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103

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“…Recent evidence points towards cognitive control impairments in depressed samples. In this respect, depressed individuals have shown difficulties in the inhibition of negative information (Goeleven, De Raedt, Baert, & Koster, 2006;Joormann, 2004), as well as in the processes involved in shifting and the updating of emotional and nonemotional representations in working memory (De Lissnyder et al, 2011;Lo & Allen, 2011).…”

Section: Cognitive Biases and Vulnerability For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Everaert

Koster

Derakshan

2012

Clinical Psychology Review

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270

179

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Drawing from substantial evidence demonstrating cognitive biases in depression at various stages of information processing (i.e., attention, interpretation, memory, cognitive control), we argue for an approach that considers the interplay among these processes. This paper attempts to apply the combined cognitive bias hypothesis (Hirsch, Mathews, & Clark, 2006) to depression research and reviews competing theoretical frameworks that have guided research in this area. We draw on current findings from behavioral studies on the interplay between depression-related processing biases. These data indicate that various cognitive biases are associated. However, it is not clear whether single or multiple biases are most predictive of depressive symptoms. We conclude this article with theoretical and clinical implications of the current state of research in this field and propose a number of ways in which research on the combined cognitive bias hypothesis can be advanced. A State-of-the-art Major depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that is associated with debilitating symptomatic suffering, functional impairments, and high societal costs (Kessler & Wang, 2009). Notwithstanding a range of well-established psychological and pharmacological interventions, relapse and recurrence rates of depression remain high (Vittengl, Clark, Dunn, & Jarrett, 2007) indicating that current therapies do not sufficiently address vulnerability factors for this burdensome disorder. Moreover, with each successive depressive episode the risk for recurrence increases (Boland & Keller, 2009), which points to an expanding vulnerability with multiple episodes. Hence, profound insight into the mechanisms involved in the etiology and maintenance of major depression seems essential in improving contemporary treatment options and the prevention of depression.In the past three decades, research inspired by cognitive accounts of depression has been successful in identifying vulnerability factors for this disorder. Apart from substantial research examining depressive cognitive content as a vulnerability factor (e.g., negative thoughts), a promising line of research highlights the role of cognitive biases in the development, maintenance, and relapse/recurrence of depression (for reviews see Mathews & MacLeod, 2005). Research efforts in this particular area of interest have typically focused on abnormalities in attention, interpretation, and memory processes, which are considered to be instrumental in the understanding of the processes involved in these cognitive biases. More recently, there is growing interest into cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control impairments, which may operate across a variety of cognitive biases. Indeed a substantial number of studies on emotional information processing in depressed samples provide evidence that depression is characterized by attention, interpretation, and memory biases, especially for negative information (see below). COMBINED COGNITIVE BIAS HYPOTHESIS IN DEPRESSION 4This resea...

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“…In the latter case inhibition of emotional material is a mental operation at the end-stage of processing. Empirical studies have showed that depression is -5 -associated with impaired inhibition at both stages (Goeleven et al, 2006;Joormann, 2004;Joormann and Gotlib, 2008). In the present study we aimed to further investigate impaired inhibition of emotional material at the input level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Further study of this phenomenon in clinically depressed patients indicated that compared with never depressed (NC) and RMD, -6 -MDD patients were characterized by impaired inhibition of negative material (Goeleven et al, 2006). Interestingly, there are mixed findings on the presence of impaired inhibition in RMD individuals with one study showing impaired inhibition of negative words (Joormann, 2004) but another study showing no impaired inhibition for sad facial expressions (Goeleven et al, 2006). Finally, it was found that induced negative mood did not impair inhibition of sad faces (Goeleven et al,2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the previous studies on depression using the NAP task only examined distracter inhibition (negative priming condition), showing reduced inhibition for negative information in MDD patients (e.g., Goeleven et al, 2006). Therefore, it is uncertain whether depressed individuals possess an enhanced facilitation as well as impaired inhibition for negative information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

Dai

Feng

Koster³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The aim of the present study was to investigate distracter inhibition ability and facilitation for emotional faces in depression using a negative affective priming (NAP) task combined with event-related potentials (ERP). Participants were instructed to evaluate the valence of the target, which had been primed or inhibited on a preceding trial. The reaction times and the ERP amplitudes were recorded during the task. In a first behavioral experiment, control participants (NC), participants who were currently remitted (RMD), and participants diagnosed with a current major depressive disorder (MDD), performed a modified the NAP task.The main finding was that compared with NC groups, MDD participants had enhanced positive priming and less inhibition of sad faces. RMD individuals were characterized by general inhibitory impairments for all emotional faces and a facilitation for sad faces compared with NC individuals. In a second experiment combing the modified NAP task with ERP, the MDD participants had a larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition compared with the other groups, and smaller P3 amplitude for sad faces in negative priming condition compared with other faces. Interestingly, RMD participants showed a distinct pattern of results compared with NC and MDD participants. They had larger N1 amplitude for happy faces and larger P1 and P3 amplitude for sad faces in the positive priming condition relative to the other conditions, while they had smaller P3 amplitude for both happy and sad faces in the negative priming condition. Across two experiments, it can be concluded that MDD participants have deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for negative stimuli. The RMD participants showed a mixed pattern of deficient distracter inhibition and excessive facilitation for both positive and negative stimuli, the results were largely consistent with our previous study.This deficiency has a high explanatory value for information-processing bias and the neuropsychological -3 -impairments observed in depression.

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Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression

Cited by 262 publications

References 29 publications

Neurostimulation as an intervention for treatment resistant depression: From research on mechanisms towards targeted neurocognitive strategies

Neurostimulation as an intervention for treatment resistant depression: From research on mechanisms towards targeted neurocognitive strategies

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

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