Deficient IL-2 Produced by Activated CD56+ T Cells Contributes to Impaired NK Cell-Mediated ADCC Function in Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Xie, Zhe; Zheng, Jiajia; Wang, Yuya; Li, Dan; Maermaer, Tuohutaerbieke; Li, Yuantao; Tu, Jing; Xu, Qiang; Liang, Hua; Cai, Weiping; Shen, Tao

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01647

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This led to a significant increase in the frequency of IFN‐γ + NK cells, CD38 + NK cells and NKp30 + NK cells [63]. Similarly, in chronic HIV‐1 infection, IL‐2 was found to promote the activation and enhance the ADCC response of NK cells [109]. The level of mature and cytotoxic NK cells was decreased and the CD56 dim immature NK was increased in post‐COVID syndrome patients.…”

Section: Immune Regulation Mechanism Of Il‐2 and Low‐dose Il‐2 Therap...mentioning

confidence: 99%

New sights of low dose IL‐2: Restoration of immune homeostasis for viral infection

Su,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Immunology

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Viral infection poses a significant threat to human health. In addition to the damage caused by viral replication, the immune response it triggers often leads to more serious adverse consequences. After the occurrence of viral infection, in addition to the adverse consequences of infection, chronic infections can also lead to virus‐related autoimmune diseases and tumours. At the same time, the immune response triggered by viral infection is complex, and dysregulated immune response may lead to the occurrence of immune pathology and macrophage activation syndrome. In addition, it may cause secondary immune suppression, especially in patients with compromised immune system, which could lead to the occurrence of secondary infections by other pathogens. This can often result in more severe clinical outcomes. Therefore, regarding the treatment of viral infections, restoring the balance of the immune system is crucial in addition to specific antiviral medications. In recent years, scientists have made an interesting finding that low dose IL‐2 (ld‐IL‐2) could potentially have a crucial function in regulating the immune system and reducing the chances of infection, especially viral infection. Ld‐IL‐2 exerts immune regulatory effects in different types of viral infections by modulating CD4+T subsets, CD8+T cells, natural killer cells, and so on. Our review summarised the role of IL‐2 or IL‐2 complexes in viral infections. Ld‐IL‐2 may be an effective strategy for enhancing host antiviral immunity and preventing infection from becoming chronic; additionally, the appropriate use of it can help prevent excessive inflammatory response after infection. In the long term, it may reduce the occurrence of infection‐related autoimmune diseases and tumours by promoting the restoration of early immune homeostasis. Furthermore, we have also summarised the application of ld‐IL‐2 in the context of autoimmune diseases combined with viral infections; it may be a safe and effective strategy for restoring immune homeostasis without compromising the antiviral immune response. In conclusion, focusing on the role of ld‐IL‐2 in viral infections may provide a new perspective for regulating immune responses following viral infections and improving prognosis.

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Section: Immune Regulation Mechanism Of Il‐2 and Low‐dose Il‐2 Therap...mentioning

confidence: 99%

New sights of low dose IL‐2: Restoration of immune homeostasis for viral infection

Su,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Immunology

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“…found that combined blockade of PD-1 and IL-10 enhances the killing capacity of NK cells in HIV infection and enhances HIV-specific auxiliary CD4 T cell functions, such as induction of IL-2 and IL-12 secretion ( 44 ). IL-2 also enhances HIV-specific NK cell–mediated ADCC ( 45 ).…”

Section: Nk Cell Dysfunction During Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Regulation and Protective Function of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Infection: Two Sides of a Coin

2022

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Natural killer (NK) cells play an important immunologic role, targeting tumors and virus-infected cells; however, NK cells do not impede the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In HIV infection, NK cells exhibit impaired functions and negatively regulate other immune cell responses, although NK cells can kill HIV-infected cells and thereby suppress HIV replication. Considerable recent research has emerged regarding NK cells in the areas of immune checkpoints, negative regulation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and HIV reservoirs during HIV infection; however, no overall summary of these factors is available. This review focuses on several important aspects of NK cells in relation to HIV infection, including changes in NK cell count, subpopulations, and immune checkpoints, as well as abnormalities in NK cell functions and NK cell negative regulation. The protective function of NK cells in inhibiting HIV replication to reduce the viral reservoir and approaches for enhancing NK cell functions are also summarized.

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“…Dendritic cells (DCs) activate T cells through the combination of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T cell receptors (28). NK cells can kill tumor cells directly through antibody-dependent cellmediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) (29), and T cells can kill tumor cells directly through cytotoxicity (30). Both NK cells and T cells can kill tumor cells through the Fas/FasL pathway, the perforingranzyme pathway (31), and by releasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (32).…”

Section: Tumor Immune Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages, as a Promising Strategy to Targeted Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis in Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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The tumor immune microenvironment plays a vital role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer. As one of the most important immune cells, macrophages act as phagocytes, patrol the surroundings of tissues, and remove invading pathogens and cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. Significantly, macrophages have a characteristic of high plasticity and can be classified into different subtypes according to the different functions, which can undergo reciprocal phenotypic switching induced by different types of molecules and signaling pathways. Macrophages regulate the development and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer by changing the tumor immune microenvironment. In tumor tissues, the tumor-associated macrophages usually play a tumor-promoting role in the tumor immune microenvironment, and they are also associated with poor prognosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms and stimulating factors of macrophages in the process of colorectal cancer metastasis and intends to indicate that targeting macrophages may be a promising strategy in colorectal cancer treatment.

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Deficient IL-2 Produced by Activated CD56+ T Cells Contributes to Impaired NK Cell-Mediated ADCC Function in Chronic HIV-1 Infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

New sights of low dose IL‐2: Restoration of immune homeostasis for viral infection

New sights of low dose IL‐2: Restoration of immune homeostasis for viral infection

Negative Regulation and Protective Function of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Infection: Two Sides of a Coin

Macrophages, as a Promising Strategy to Targeted Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Metastasis in Tumor Immune Microenvironment

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