Defensive characteristics in individuals with amalgam illness as measured by the percept-genetic method Defense Mechanism Test

Henningsson, Mikael; Sundbom, Elisabet

doi:10.3109/00016359609003520

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…68 The results were compared to those of 37 controls. The authors reported that the amalgam illness group exhibited more inappropriate reactions to threats and used denial as a primary coping mechanism.…”

Section: Amalgam Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[65][66] The results from a number of studies suggest that psychological illness and not mercury from amalgam restorations is an important element in amalgam illness. [67][68][69][70][71] One study involved 218 patients with selfreported oral galvanism; no findings suggestive of either acute or chronic mercury intoxication were found. 72 Of these patients, 43% were diagnosed with a psychological disorder, often anxiety or panic disorders.…”

Section: Amalgam Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Release of Mercury from Amalgam Restorations and Its Health Effects: A Review

Roberts¹,

Charlton

2009

Operative Dentistry

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©Operative Dentistry, 2009, 34-5, 605-614 HW Roberts • DG Charlton SUMMARYAmalgam has successfully been used as a restorative material in dentistry for over a century. It has proven to be a cost-effective, wear-resistant material which, when properly placed, can provide many years of service. However, amalgam's popularity has decreased in recent years due, in part, to patient concerns about its potential for adversely affecting their health. Other reasons for its reduced use include the increased emphasis on more esthetic restorative materials and environmental concerns regarding the amount of mercury discharged into wastewater from dental offices. Controversy persists about amalgam's possible role in causing health problems due to its release of mercury. Although conclusive evidence is lacking that directly correlates amalgam with adverse health effects, clinicians should remain knowledgeable about mercury release from amalgam in order to intelligently address their patients' concerns. This article reviews the latest published scientific literature to provide this information. INTRODUCTIONAmalgam has been used in dentistry for more than 150 years, 1 and its excellent clinical track record is well known. Despite some shortcomings, amalgam has several positive characteristics compared with other restorative materials, including relatively low cost, good wear resistance, low technique sensitivity and high strength.2-3 While amalgam's use has declined in recent years due to an increased emphasis on the use of esthetic restorative materials and concerns about potential environmental hazards related to its mercury (Hg) content, countless amalgam restorations remain in patients' mouths. Because of this fact and the plethora of misinformation about mercury in amal- Clinical RelevanceAmalgam remains an important restorative material in dentistry. Because of continuing controversy concerning the material's safety and environmental friendliness, dentists should remain current in their knowledge of the effect of mercury and its release from amalgam. This will enable dentists to provide accurate, evidence-based information to their patients.

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Section: Amalgam Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amalgam Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Release of Mercury from Amalgam Restorations and Its Health Effects: A Review

Roberts¹,

Charlton

2009

Operative Dentistry

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“…The available coping strategies of patients with amalgam-related complaints seem to be inadequately adaptive to handle threatening situations compared to the coping styles of a control group without complaints [19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological, Allergic, and Toxicological Aspects of Patients with Amalgam-Related Complaints

Gottwald¹,

Kupfer²,

Traenckner³

et al. 2002

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: To deepen the understanding of the numerous unspecific complaints which are related to the dental material amalgam both in patients and physicians, an interdisciplinary case-control study regarding toxicological, allergic, psychological and psychiatric aspects was conducted. Forty patients with amalgam-associated complaints were compared to a well-matched group of 40 amalgam bearers without complaints. Methods: Patients and controls underwent a dental examination, which included recording of the quantity, surface area and quality of amalgam fillings, a determination of the mercury load in blood and urine, an allergy examination including patch testing with amalgam and a psychometric assessment with questionnaires noting coping strategies (ABI-UMW-P), interpersonal problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) and self-consciousness (SAM), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90-R, Beck Depression Inventory and a screening instrument for somatoform disorders. Results: Patients and controls did not differ with respect to mercury concentrations in body fluids. Only 1 patient was found to have a positive amalgam patch test; various other allergies could be determined in 28% of patients (n = 11). Patients had higher levels of psychic distress, a higher incidence of depression and somatization disorders as well as different styles of coping with anxiety compared to controls. Conclusions: No indication for mercury intoxication or amalgam allergy as a cause of the patients’ complaints could be found. The theory of amalgam-related complaints as an expression of underlying psychic problems is supported. Treatment should focus on somatization and changing coping and attribution styles.

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“…Ahlgren et al (2002),Ahlqwist et al (1999),Alanko et al (1996),Apostoli et al (2002),Archbold et al (2004),Athavale et al (2003),Attin et al (1998),Aw et al (2005),Bagedahl-Strindlund et al (1997),Bailer et al (2001),Bangsi et al (1998), Bellinger et al (2006,Bergdahl et al (1998),Berglund & Molin (1996),Biocina-Lukenda et al (2004),Blomgren et al (1996),Bratel et al (1996Bratel et al ( , 1997,Browning et al (1997), Casetta et al (2001), Chong & Pitt (2005), Dalen et al (2003a, 2003b), DeRouen et al (2006), Dohrn & Neuser (2001), Dunne & Abraham (2000), Dunsche et al (2003), Eden et al (2002), Faccioni et al (2003), Factor-Litvak et al (2003), Fernandes et al (1998), Ganss et al (2000),Gottwald et al (2001),Grandjean et al (1997),Hayashi & Wilson (2003),Henningsson & Sundbom (1996),Herrstrom et al (1996Herrstrom et al ( , 1997,Hol et al (2001),Ibbotson et al (1996),Issa et al (2005),Jacobsen & Hensten-Pettersen (2003),Janson et al (1998),Khamaysi et al (2006),Koch (1999),Kosugi et al (2003),Laeijendecker et al (2004),Laine et al (1997aLaine et al ( , 1997bLaine et al ( , 1999,Langworth et al (2002),…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do adverse effects of dental materials exist? What are the consequences, and how can they be diagnosed and treated?

Schedle

Örtengren

Eidler

et al. 2007

Clinical Oral Implants Res

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Defensive characteristics in individuals with amalgam illness as measured by the percept-genetic method Defense Mechanism Test

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

The Release of Mercury from Amalgam Restorations and Its Health Effects: A Review

The Release of Mercury from Amalgam Restorations and Its Health Effects: A Review

Psychological, Allergic, and Toxicological Aspects of Patients with Amalgam-Related Complaints

Do adverse effects of dental materials exist? What are the consequences, and how can they be diagnosed and treated?

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