Defensive burying following injections of cholecystokinin, bombesin, and LiCl in rats

Bowers, Robin L.; Herzog, Christopher R.; Stone, Eric H.; Dionne, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90079-h

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Maximal Fos responses to LiCl were observed on P14 in all areas except the BNST, in which LiCl-induced Fos activation continued to increase through P28. These results indicate that central LiCl-sensitive interoceptive circuits in rats are not fully functional at birth, and show age-dependent increases in neural Fos responses to viscerosensory stimulation with LiCl.nucleus of the soiltary tract; development; interoceptive IN ADULT RATS, INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION of the toxemic agent lithium chloride (LiCl) induces gastrointestinal malaise, promotes anorexia, supports conditioned aversion learning, and induces behavioral signs of anxiety (2,4,19,20,(37)(38)(39). Administration of LiCl also activates the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) stress axis to elevate plasma corticosterone concentrations (33,36).…”

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confidence: 96%

“…nucleus of the soiltary tract; development; interoceptive IN ADULT RATS, INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION of the toxemic agent lithium chloride (LiCl) induces gastrointestinal malaise, promotes anorexia, supports conditioned aversion learning, and induces behavioral signs of anxiety (2,4,19,20,(37)(38)(39). Administration of LiCl also activates the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) stress axis to elevate plasma corticosterone concentrations (33,36).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Progressive postnatal increases in Fos immunoreactivity in the forebrain and brain stem of rats after viscerosensory stimulation with lithium chloride

Koehnle¹,

Rinaman²

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Interoceptive signals have a powerful impact on the motivation and emotional learning of animals during stressful experiences. However, current insights into the organization of interoceptive pathways stem mainly from observation and manipulation of adults, and little is known regarding the functional development of viscerosensory signaling pathways. To address this, we have examined central neural activation patterns in rat pups after treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl), a malaise-inducing agent. Rat pups were injected intraperitoneally with 0.15 M LiCl or 0.15 M NaCl (2% body wt) on postnatal day (P)0, 7, 14, 21, or 28, perfused 60 to 90 min postinjection, and their brains assayed for Fos protein immunolabeling. Compared with saline treatment, LiCl increased Fos only slightly in the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and lateral parabrachial nucleus on P0. LiCl did not increase Fos above control levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), or paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus on P0 but did on P7 and later. Maximal Fos responses to LiCl were observed on P14 in all areas except the BNST, in which LiCl-induced Fos activation continued to increase through P28. These results indicate that central LiCl-sensitive interoceptive circuits in rats are not fully functional at birth, and show age-dependent increases in neural Fos responses to viscerosensory stimulation with LiCl.

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Progressive postnatal increases in Fos immunoreactivity in the forebrain and brain stem of rats after viscerosensory stimulation with lithium chloride

Koehnle¹,

Rinaman²

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…The best-known procedure to measure this behavior employs a metal prod protruding into the animal’s cage from which, at first contact, a mild electric shock is delivered (72). The total time spent burying the prod with bedding material, the total number of burying acts, and the height of bedding material deposited over the prod serve as validated measures of emotionality in this test (73, 74). In an environment without bedding material, in which the active burying option is not possible, subjects adopt a passive strategy by exhibiting immobility in locations away from the probe (75).…”

Section: Current Models Of Psychiatric Illness and Drug Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Psychiatric Illness and Drug Abuse Models: From Human to Animal, an Overview

Edwards

Koob

2011

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Preclinical animal models have supported much of the recent rapid expansion of neuroscience research and have facilitated critical discoveries that undoubtedly benefit patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. This overview serves as an introduction for the following chapters describing both in vivo and in vitro preclinical models of psychiatric disease components and briefly describes models related to drug dependence and affective disorders. Although there are no perfect animal models of any psychiatric disorder, models do exist for many elements of each disease state or stage. In many cases, the development of certain models is essentially restricted to the human clinical laboratory domain for the purpose of maximizing validity, whereas the use of in vitro models may best represent an adjunctive, well-controlled means to model specific signaling mechanisms associated with psychiatric disease states. The data generated by preclinical models are only as valid as the model itself, and the development and refinement of animal models for human psychiatric disorders continues to be an important challenge. Collaborative relationships between basic neuroscience and clinical modeling could greatly benefit the development of new and better models, in addition to facilitating medications development.

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“…LiCl is a putative illness-inducing agent that also produces conditioned aversive responses to the novel taste solution. These behavioral responses include increases in aversive orofacial and somatic responses, such as mouth gaping and chin rubbing, and defensive burying of drinking spouts (Bernstein & Goehler, 1983;Berridge, Grill, & Norgren, 1981;Bowers, Herzog, Stone, & Dionne, 1992;Breslin, Spector, & Grill, 1992;Grill & Norgren, 1978;Parker, 1980Parker, , 1982Parker, , 1984Parker, , 1988aWilkie, Maclennan, & Pinel, 1979). In contrast, apomorphine is part of a class of agents that are effective positive reinforcers in a drug self-administration paradigm and that produce conditioned place preferences (Baxter, Gluckman, Stein, & Scerni, 1974;Spyraki, Fibiger, & Phillips, 1982;van der Kooy, Swerdlow, & Koob, 1983;Wise, Yokel, & DeWitt, 1976).…”

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Role of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus in Apomorphine-Induced Conditioned Consumption Reduction: Cooling Lesions and Relationship of c-Fos-Like Immunoreactivity to Strength of Conditioning.

Chambers

Wang

2004

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The following experiments were designed to determine whether the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) mediates acquisition of conditioned consumption reduction induced by apomorphine, an agent that also has reinforcing properties. Temporary cooling lesions of the PBN blocked acquisition of apomorphine-induced conditioned consumption reduction. In addition, both apomorphine and LiCl activated c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-FLI) in the central, external, and crescent lPBN, and there was a strong correspondence between amount of c-FLI expression and strength of conditioned consumption reduction in these subnuclei. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the lPBN mediates apomorphine-induced conditioned consumption reduction, as is true for LiCl. Furthermore, they raise the possibility that the specific part of the lPBN mediating this conditioning effect of apomorphine and LiCl is 1 of the 3 subnuclei.

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Defensive burying following injections of cholecystokinin, bombesin, and LiCl in rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Progressive postnatal increases in Fos immunoreactivity in the forebrain and brain stem of rats after viscerosensory stimulation with lithium chloride

Progressive postnatal increases in Fos immunoreactivity in the forebrain and brain stem of rats after viscerosensory stimulation with lithium chloride

Experimental Psychiatric Illness and Drug Abuse Models: From Human to Animal, an Overview

Role of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus in Apomorphine-Induced Conditioned Consumption Reduction: Cooling Lesions and Relationship of c-Fos-Like Immunoreactivity to Strength of Conditioning.

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