Defensins are natural peptide antibiotics of higher eukaryotes

Grishin, D. V.; Соколов, Н. Н.

doi:10.1134/s1990750814010077

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among antibiotic drugs based on L, D-amino acids, widely known are tyrothricin (Bacillus brevis), D-cycloserine (Streptomyces orchidaceus), daptomycin (Streptomyces roseosporus), benzylpenicillin (Penicillium chrysogenum), actinomycin D (Streptomyces parvullus), capreomycin (Streptomyces capreolus), polymyxin (Bacillus polymyxa) (Martínez-Rodríguez et al 2010;Robbel and Marahiel 2010;Grishin and Sokolov 2014). Among them, there are bactericidal, bacteriostatic agents and even compounds with antitumor activity.…”

Section: D-amino Acids In Biomedicine and Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

D-amino acids in nature, agriculture and biomedicine

et al. 2019

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Information accumulated over the past decades on the physiological functions and metabolic pathways of biosynthesis and degradation of D-amino acids has led to a renewed interest in their study. These isomers are known to form both in nature and during the chemical synthesis of L-amino acids for feeding and pharmacological purposes, as well as in the industrial processing of some raw materials. This article discusses the positive and negative effects of D-amino acids on the human body, animals and the environment. In addition, the scientific data concerning the mechanisms of cytotoxic action of D-amino acids and their industrial and biomedical potential are summarized. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: D-amino Acids In Biomedicine and Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

D-amino acids in nature, agriculture and biomedicine

et al. 2019

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“…Beta-defensins, such as DEFB1, DEFB119, and DEFB127 presented here, are antimicrobial peptides that protect tissues and organs from infection by a variety of microorganisms like the DEFA1 Alpha Defensins described above [30] [31] [32] [33]. A specific β-defensin called tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) is found along the entire length of conducting airways [34].…”

Section: Gapdh Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Gene Expression to Study Immunologic Mechanisms for the Long-Term Cure of Malaria in Babies and Children in South-Western Nigeria

Thornthwaite¹,

Olufemi²,

Ademola³

et al. 2019

ABC

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Malaria infection has been a very serious public health problem in Nigeria and most parts of Africa. Development of antimalarial treatments capable of providing a permanent cure for malaria has been a herculean task for drug researchers. A trial of a novel, proprietary blend formulation (Triantimal TM) in gel caps for children (n = 112) and water-soluble, 18.51 nm diameter, Nu-traNanoSphere TM encapsulated Triantimal TM drops for babies (19.9 Months ± 8.7 SD, n = 15) was conducted in Osogbo, Nigeria. The enrolled subjects were screened for malaria, treated with Triantimal TM for 16 consecutive days and sera collected on days 0, 5, 10, 16, 30, 60, and 730. Also, 31 of the children donated buffy coat samples for the gene expression studies when sera were collected. The children showed 90.2% parasite-free at 60 days and 85.1% at 730 days. The babies revealed 93.3% parasite-free at 60 days. These data show for the first time a real possibility for a cure of malaria in Nigeria. The one-time, low dose, extended treatment and synergism of the natural components minimize the ability of the parasites to develop resistance, while boosting the immune system. Indeed, the DNA amplification data showed that all aspects of the humoral, innate, and innate defensin immunity are involved in the long-term immunity against P. falciparum in which may be termed a type of "in vivo immunization".

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“…They mostly exert functions in host defence as antimicrobial and/or immune regulatory components although some other activities are also reported, e.g. protease inhibition and zinc tolerance [1]. These molecules exhibit enormous sequence and structural diversity with at least two distinct protein superfamilies, named cis -and trans -defensins, based on the orientation of the most conserved pair of disulfide bridges [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New fungal defensin-like peptides provide evidence for fold change of proteins in evolution

Gao

Zhu

2017

Bioscience Reports

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Defensins containing a consensus cystine framework, Cys[1]…Cys[2]X3Cys[3]…Cys[4]… Cys[5]X1Cys[6] (X, any amino acid except Cys; …, variable residue numbers), are extensively distributed in a variety of multicellular organisms (plants, fungi and invertebrates) and essentially involved in immunity as microbicidal agents. This framework is a prerequisite for forming the cysteine-stabilized α-helix and β-sheet (CSαβ) fold, in which the two invariant motifs, Cys[2]X3Cys[3]/Cys[5]X1Cys[6], are key determinants of fold formation. By using a computational genomics approach, we identified a large superfamily of fungal defensin-like peptides (fDLPs) in the phytopathogenic fungal genus – Zymoseptoria, which includes 132 structurally typical and 63 atypical members. These atypical fDLPs exhibit an altered cystine framework and accompanying fold change associated with their secondary structure elements and disulfide bridge patterns, as identified by protein structure modelling. Despite this, they definitely are homologous with the typical fDLPs in view of their precise gene structure conservation and identical precursor organization. Sequence and structural analyses combined with functional data suggest that most of Zymoseptoria fDLPs might have lost their antimicrobial activity. The present study provides a clear example of fold change in the evolution of proteins and is valuable in establishing remote homology among peptide superfamily members with different folds.

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Defensins are natural peptide antibiotics of higher eukaryotes

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

D-amino acids in nature, agriculture and biomedicine

D-amino acids in nature, agriculture and biomedicine

DNA Gene Expression to Study Immunologic Mechanisms for the Long-Term Cure of Malaria in Babies and Children in South-Western Nigeria

New fungal defensin-like peptides provide evidence for fold change of proteins in evolution

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