Defensin antimicrobial peptides in the oral cavity

Dale, Beverly A.; Krisanaprakornkit, Suttichai

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.300601.x

Cited by 126 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In gingival tissue, HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs are localized predominately in the suprabasal stratified epithelium and the peptides detected in upper epithelial layers, consistent with the formation of the stratified epithelial barrier (7), a region exposed to oral bacteria in plaque on the tooth surface (7). In this study, antimicrobial activities of HBD-2 and -3 were assessed for the first time against a panel of oral microorganisms, including several anaerobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…␤-Defensin peptides are present in gingival epithelia (6,7), saliva (32), and gingival crevicular fluid (9), placing them as a first line of defense in the oral cavity. HBD-1 is expressed constitutively by gingival epithelial cells (26,32), whereas mRNA expression of HBD-2, -3, and -4 has been shown to be up-regulated by specific microorganisms (15,16,22,23,25,27) and by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1␤, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon in keratinocyte cell cultures (16,23,27,28,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human β-Defensins 2 and 3 Demonstrate Strain-Selective Activity against Oral Microorganisms

Joly¹,

Maze²,

et al. 2004

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Human ␤-defensins 2 and 3 (HBD-2 and HBD-3) are inducible peptides present at sites of infection in the oral cavity. A few studies have reported broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity for both peptides. However, no comprehensive study has thoroughly investigated their potential against oral pathogens. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of HBD-2 and HBD-3 against a collection of oral organisms (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans). Radial diffusion assays were used to test HBD-2 and HBD-3 activities against at least three strains of each species. There was significant variability in MICs, which was strain specific rather than species specific. MICs ranged from 3.9 to >250 g/ml for HBD-2 and from 1.4 to >250 g/ml for HBD-3. HBD-3 demonstrated greater antimicrobial activity and was effective against a broader array of organisms. Overall, aerobes were 100% susceptible to HBD-2 and HBD-3, whereas only 21.4 and 50% of the anaerobes were susceptible to HBD-2 and HBD-3, respectively. HBD-2 and HBD-3 also demonstrated strain-specific activity against the Candida species evaluated. Interestingly, an association between HBD-2 and HBD-3 activities was noted. This suggests that the two peptides may have similar mechanisms yet utilize distinct pathways. The lack of activity against specific anaerobic strains and Candida warrants further investigation of the potential resistance mechanisms of these organisms. Finally, the significant variability between strains underlies the importance of testing multiple strains when evaluating activities of antimicrobial peptides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human β-Defensins 2 and 3 Demonstrate Strain-Selective Activity against Oral Microorganisms

Joly¹,

Maze²,

et al. 2004

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“…hBDs are expressed in salivary glands and are detected in saliva [22][23][24][25]. They are presumably among a plethora of defence mechanisms in the oral cavity to combat infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse salivary glands and human β-defensin-2 as a study model for antimicrobial gene therapy: technical considerations

Yin¹,

Dang

Gazor³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Transduction of salivary glands with antimicrobial peptide genes has great potential for oral infection control. Our ultimate goal is to introduce antimicrobial peptide genes into salivary glands that secrete these peptides into saliva to control bacterial/fungal infection in the oral cavity. However, an animal study model to test this potential has not been established. Therefore, we determined to test (i) whether the potent antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) can be overexpressed in saliva after transduction of salivary glands and (ii) whether oral fungal infection can be developed in a NOD/SCID murine model. Lentiviral vector SIN18cPPTRhMLV bearing hBD-2 cDNA was introduced into SCID mouse submandibular glands via cannulation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect hBD-2 expression in glands or in saliva. Candida albicans 613p was inoculated orally into SCID mice to establish oral candidiasis. Whilst expression of hBD-2 was detected in mouse salivary glands by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry 1 day or 1 week following delivery of lentivirus, hBD-2 was not detected in saliva. There was recoverable C. albicans from the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract 4 days to 4 weeks after infection, but there was no establishment of observable oral candidiasis in SCID mice under a stereomicroscope. Our data indicate that lentiviral vectors transduce mouse salivary glands, but not at a sufficient level to allow hBD-2 detection in saliva. Other vectors for gene transduction and additional treatment of SCID mice to establish oral candidiasis are needed in order to utilise mouse salivary glands to test antimicrobial gene therapy.

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“…β-defensin Four β-defensins (hBD1-4) have been identified and found to be expressed in various epithelial tissues: the trachea, skin, and intestine; and in monocytes and dendritic cells [8,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. Like α-defensins, hBDs have three disulphide moieties of cysteine linking residues 1-5, 2-4, and 3-6. hBD1 was first identified in haemodialysate fluid [70] and then from urogenital tissues, skin, intestine, and other tissues [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]71].…”

Section: Defensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like α-defensins, hBDs have three disulphide moieties of cysteine linking residues 1-5, 2-4, and 3-6. hBD1 was first identified in haemodialysate fluid [70] and then from urogenital tissues, skin, intestine, and other tissues [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]71]. In vitro experiments show that hBD1 is constitutively expressed and that its production is not influenced by bacterial exposure, while other hBDs are inducible when exposed to bacteria [67,[72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Defensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate defences against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

Komatsuzawa

Ouhara

Yamada

et al. 2005

The Journal of Pathology

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The innate immune system is the primary defence against bacterial infection. Among the factors involved in innate defence, anti-microbial peptides produced by humans have recently attracted attention due to their relevance to some diseases and also to the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major human pathogens, causing a variety of infections from suppurative disease to food poisoning. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a clinical problem and with the recent emergence of a vancomycin-resistant strain, this will pose serious problems in the near future. In investigating the molecular biology of S. aureus infections to develop new chemotherapeutic agents against MRSA infections, knowledge of the interaction of innate anti-microbial peptides with S. aureus is important. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that exposure of S. aureus to host cells can induce the anti-microbial peptides β-defensin-2 (hBD2), hBD3, and LL37/CAP18. The induction level of these peptides differs among strains, as does the susceptibility of the strains, with MRSA strains exhibiting lower susceptibility. In summary, the susceptibility of S. aureus strains, including MRSA strains, to components of the innate immune system varies, with the MRSA strains showing more resistance to both innate immune factors and chemotherapeutic agents.

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Defensin antimicrobial peptides in the oral cavity

Cited by 126 publications

References 43 publications

Human β-Defensins 2 and 3 Demonstrate Strain-Selective Activity against Oral Microorganisms

Human β-Defensins 2 and 3 Demonstrate Strain-Selective Activity against Oral Microorganisms

Mouse salivary glands and human β-defensin-2 as a study model for antimicrobial gene therapy: technical considerations

Innate defences against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

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