Defense style in panic disorder before and after pharmacological treatment

Marchesi, Carlo; Parenti, P.; Aprile, Sonia; Cabrino, Chiara; Panfilis, Chiara De

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.001

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the main finding of the present study is that immature defense style and lower scores on character dimension of SD are associated with relapse at the end of 1 year after inpatient treatment. Consistent with this, the results of the previous studies (48)(49)(50) suggested that the pre-treatment use of immature defenses predicts a poor outcome of treatment in psychiatric disorders. Finally, it has been postulated that persons with an immature defense style will respond less effectively to both pharmacological (49) and psychological (48,51,52) treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The use of maladaptive defenses might be the consequence of alcohol dependency; during the active phase of the disorder, their capacity to use mature adaptive defenses may diminish and they may use more immature defense styles, but if they could stay sober for a long time, and, as the anxious and depressive symptoms remitted, their defensive style may return to a higher degree of maturity (77). Thus, the hypothesis that the use of maladaptive defenses is a state dependent phenomenon cannot be rejected (50,78,79). Future follow-up study should evaluate the changes in defense styles during sobriety period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this study is a crosssectional one, the longitudinal designs are required to clarify the causal relationship of relapse with defense styles and personality. Findings of previous studies suggest that the improvement in symptom severity is associated with greater use of mature defenses (48)(49)(50)(51)(52). The use of maladaptive defenses might be the consequence of alcohol dependency; during the active phase of the disorder, their capacity to use mature adaptive defenses may diminish and they may use more immature defense styles, but if they could stay sober for a long time, and, as the anxious and depressive symptoms remitted, their defensive style may return to a higher degree of maturity (77).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Personality dimensions and defense styles that are related with relapse during 12 month follow-up in male alcohol dependents

Evren¹,

Yiğiter²,

Bozkurt³

et al. 2013

Dusunen Adam

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Personality dimensions and defense styles that are related with relapse during 12 month follow-up in male alcohol dependents Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the defense styles and the personality dimensions that are related with relapse to alcohol use 12 months after inpatient treatment in male alcohol dependents.Methods: Participants were 70 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents. Among these patients 44 were available to examine after 1 year. Patients were investigated with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Defense Styles Q (DSQ) at baseline.Results: Among 44 alcohol dependent inpatients 61.4% (n=27) were considered as relapsed to alcohol use. Current age was lower in relapsed group. Age at regular alcohol use, duration of education, regular income did not differ between groups. Rate of history of self-mutilation and/or suicide attempt at baseline were higher in relapsed group. Rate of changing social environment during 12 months after inpatient treatment was lower in the relapsed group, whereas using drugs and spending time with substance using friends were higher in this group. Mean scores of "acting-out", "devaluation" and "displacement" were higher in the relapsed group. Also same immature defense styles predicted relapse together with self-directedness (SD).When current age was included in the analysis, being younger and high acting-out predicted relapse in alcohol dependents after inpatient treatment.Conclusions: Clinicians must be careful for younger alcohol dependents with lower SD and for those who use immature defense styles (particularly acting-out) since these variables may be related with relapse.Key words: Alcohol dependence, character, defense styles, relapse, temperament ÖZET Erkek alkol bağımlılarında 12 aylık takip süresindeki depreşme ile ilişkili savunma mekanizmaları ve kişilik boyutları Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, erkek alkol bağımlılarında yatarak tedaviden sonraki 12 ay içinde alkol kullanımında depreşme ile ilişkili olabilecek savunma mekanizmaları ve kişilik boyutlarını değerlendirmektir. ayda sosyal çevreyi değiştirme oranı depreşen grupta düşükken, alkol dışı madde kullanmış olma ve madde kullanan arkadaşlarıyla görüşmeye devam etme oranları yüksekti. Depreşen grupta "eyleme dökme", "değersizleştirme" ve "yer değiştirme" ortalama puanları daha yüksekti. Ayrıca aynı savunma mekanizmaları, düşük düzeyde kendi kendini yönetme (KY) ile birlikte depreşmeyi belirleyen değişkenler olmuştur. Analize o anki yaş eklendiğinde ise, alkol bağımlılarında yatarak tedavi sonrası depreşmeyi genç olma ve yüksek eyleme dökme belirlemiştir.Sonuç: Klinisyenler düşük KY ve olgunlaşmamış savunma biçimlerine (özellikle eyleme dökme) sahip genç alkol bağımlıları için dikkatli olmalıdırlar, çünkü bu değişkenler depreşme ile ilişkili görünmektedir.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Personality dimensions and defense styles that are related with relapse during 12 month follow-up in male alcohol dependents

Evren¹,

Yiğiter²,

Bozkurt³

et al. 2013

Dusunen Adam

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show abstract

“…[69] Thus, the hypothesis that the use of maladaptive defenses is a state-dependent phenomenon cannot be rejected yet. [5970] Future follow-up studies should evaluate the changes in defense styles during the sobriety period among patients with AUD and should compare those with and without ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with defense styles and harm avoidance among male inpatients with alcohol use disorder

Evren

Cicikci

Umut

et al. 2019

Indian J Psychiatry

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Introduction:Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) use immature defense styles, and AUD is related with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Harm avoidance (HA) is related with both AUD and particularly inattentiveness (IN) dimension of ADHD.Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of defense styles with probable ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms while controlling the effect of HA among male inpatients with AUD.Settings and Design:The present study with cross-sectional design was conducted at the Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Training Center (AMATEM) of Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery in Istanbul.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, multiple logistic and linear regression analyses, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used.Materials and Methods:Participants (n = 151) were evaluated with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the HA Dimension of the Temperament and Character Inventory.Results:HA (particularly HA-1 [anticipatory worry and pessimism]) and immature defense style (particularly acting out) predicted the presence of probable ADHD. In linear regression analysis, HA (particularly HA-1 and HA-4 [fatigability and asthenia]), high immature (particularly acting out), and low mature defense styles predicted the severity of ADHD symptoms. In MANCOVA, immature defense style predicted both the IN and the hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) dimensions of ADHD, whereas HA and IN dimension and low mature defense style predicted HI dimension.Conclusions:These findings suggest that immature defense style (i.e., acting out) is related with both the presence of probable ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms, together with HA, which must be taken into account while treating patients with ADHD among male populations with AUD.

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“…The use of maladaptive defenses might be the consequence of alcohol dependency: during the active phase of the disorder, their capacity to use mature adaptive defenses may diminish and they may use more immature defense styles, but if they could stay sober for a long time, their defensive style may return to a higher degree of maturity (58). Thus, the hypothesis that the use of maladaptive defenses is a state dependent phenomenon cannot be rejected yet (50,59). Future follow-up study should evaluate the changes in defense styles during sobriety period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yatarak Tedavi Gören Alkol Bağımlılarında Kendini Yaralama Davranışı ve Özkıyım Girişimi Öyküsü ile İlişkili Savunma Biçimleri / Defense Styles That Are Related With History Of Self-Mutilation And Suicide Attempt In Alcohol Dependent Inpatients

Evren¹,

Özçetinkay²,

Cagil³

et al. 2012

Dusunen Adam

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Defense styles that are related with history of self-mutilation and suicide attempt in alcohol dependent inpatients Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of defense styles with history of selfmutilation (SM) and suicide attempt (SA) in alcohol dependent inpatients. Method: Participants were consecutively admitted 118 male alcohol dependent inpatients. Patients were investigated with the Self-Mutilative Behavior Questionnaire (SMBQ) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Results: Acting-out was higher in alcohol dependent patients with a history of SM (n=53, 44.92%) and predicted SM in this group, together with being younger. On the other hand, sublimation, anticipation and suppression (and total mature defense style score) were lower in alcohol dependent patients with suicide attempt history (n=31, 28.44%), but only low anticipation predicted suicide attempt history in this group together with being younger. Conclusion: These results show that to reduce self-mutilative behaviors and SAs among young alcohol dependent inpatients, therapies should focus on increasing the use of mature defense styles and decreasing the use of immature defense styles.

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Defense style in panic disorder before and after pharmacological treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Personality dimensions and defense styles that are related with relapse during 12 month follow-up in male alcohol dependents

Personality dimensions and defense styles that are related with relapse during 12 month follow-up in male alcohol dependents

Relationships of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with defense styles and harm avoidance among male inpatients with alcohol use disorder

Yatarak Tedavi Gören Alkol Bağımlılarında Kendini Yaralama Davranışı ve Özkıyım Girişimi Öyküsü ile İlişkili Savunma Biçimleri / Defense Styles That Are Related With History Of Self-Mutilation And Suicide Attempt In Alcohol Dependent Inpatients

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