Defense of differfing body weight set points  in diet-induced obese and resistant rats

Levin, Barry E.; Keesey, Richard E.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.2.r412

Cited by 188 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since then, numerous DIO models have been published using the general approach whereby diets composed of alternating components of fat and carbohydrates are administered to normal, lean rats or mice over long periods [8,10,20] . The so-called cafeteria diets, where animals have a choice of various palatable foods such as chocolate, peanuts etc, encourages overeating and hence provides highly relevant models for examining human diets in rodents [15,[21][22][23] .…”

Section: Wwwnaturecom/aps Hansen G Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such polygenic model is the diet-induced obese (DIO) and diet-resistant (DR) outbred rat models [7][8][9][10] . In the Levin DIO-rats, phenotypic differences in body weight gain, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity are only expressed between the outbred substrains when they are placed on diets of moderate fat, sucrose, and caloric content [11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of liraglutide and sibutramine on food intake, palatability, body weight and glucose tolerance in the gubra DIO-rats

2012

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Aim: To validate the gubra DIO-rats as a useful animal model of human obesity. Methods: The gubra diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model was based on male Sprague-Dawley rats with ad libitum access to regular chow and a palatable diet rich in fat and sugar. To evaluate the versatility of the gubra DIO-rats as a valid model of human obesity syndrome, the efficacy of 2 weight loss compounds liraglutide and sibutramine with different mechanisms of action were examined in 7-month-old gubra DIO-rats. Liraglutide (200 µg/kg, sc) was administered bi-daily, and sibutramine (5 mg/kg, po) was administered once daily for 23 d. Results: Both the compounds effectively reduced the food intake, body weight and total fat mass as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Whereas the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor/5-HT receptor agonist sibutramine reduced the intake of both chow and the gubradiet, the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide predominantly reduced the intake of the highly palatable diet, indicating a shift in food preference. Sibutramine lowered the insulin sensitivity index, primarily via reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Conclusion: This animal model responds well to 2 weight loss compounds with different mechanisms of action. Moreover, the gubra DIO-rat can be particularly useful for the testing of compounds with potential effects on diet preference.

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Section: Wwwnaturecom/aps Hansen G Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liraglutide and sibutramine on food intake, palatability, body weight and glucose tolerance in the gubra DIO-rats

2012

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“…Studies in mice show that certain strains of mice such as C57BL/6J (Surwit et al 1995) and DBA/2J (Alexander et al 2006;Funkat et al 2004) have increased susceptibility to weight gain on a high-fat diet, whereas others, such as A/J, are resistant to diet-induced obesity (Surwit et al 1995). When outbred Sprague-Dawley rats are placed on a high-fat diet, about half become obese, while the other half are resistant to weight gain (Levin 1990;Levin and Keesey 1998). The characterization and selective breeding of these two groups of rats has lead to the identification of differences in food intake, feed efficiency, and the expression level of hypothalamic food intake regulatory peptides .…”

Section: Animal Models Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

2008

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Background and rationale This review addresses the role animal models play in contributing to our knowledge about the eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and obesity. Objectives Explore the usefulness of animal models in complex biobehavioral familial conditions, such as AN, BN, and obesity, that involve interactions among genetic, physiologic, psychological, and cultural factors. Results and conclusionsThe most promising animal model to mimic AN is the activity-based anorexia rodent model leading to pathological weight loss. The paradigm incorporates reward elements of the drive for activity in the presence of an appetite and allows the use of genetically modified animals. For BN, the sham-feeding preparation in rodents equipped with a gastric fistula appears to be best suited to reproduce the postprandial emesis and the defects in satiety. Animal models that incorporate genes linked to behavior and mood may clarify biobehavioral processes underlying AN and BN. By contrast, a relative abundance of animal models has contributed to our understanding of human obesity. Both environmental and genetic determinants of obesity have been modeled in rodents. Here, we consider single gene mutant obesity models, along with models of obesigenic environmental conditions. The contributions of animal models to obesity research are illustrated by their utility for identifying genes linked to human obesity, for elucidating the pathways that regulate body weight and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The utility of these models may be further improved by exploring the impact of experimental manipulations on the behavioral determinants of energy balance.

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“…Offering a high-sucrose complete diet in hydrated and dry forms also yielded different energy intakes: animals consuming the hydrated diet ate more and gained more weight than those given dry food, and animals given both forms preferred the hydrated version [30]. A moderate-fat liquid diet (Ensure), which at 1 kcal/ml has a lower energy density than 32% sucrose, can increase weight gain and is eaten preferentially when offered as an option to a high-energy solid diet designed to produce obesity [18,19]. Other studies offering one or more solid foods (e.g., crackers, cookies, chocolate) as options to chow obtained total intakes of about 100 kcal/d [34,35], which is less than the total intake of the milk groups in the present study.…”

Section: The Variety Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Ackroff

Bonacchi

Magee

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Recent work suggested that the energy intake and weight gain of rats maintained on chow and 32% sucrose solution could be increased by simply offering more sources of sucrose (Tordoff, 2002). In Experiment 1 this procedure was replicated but the effect was not: rats given one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water consumed as much sucrose as those given five bottles of sucrose and one of water. Adding different flavors to the sucrose did not increase intakes further in Experiment 2. The relative potency of sucrose and other optional foods was studied in Experiment 3. Sucrose solution stimulated more overeating and weight gain than fat (vegetable shortening), and offering both sucrose and shortening did not generate further increases in energy intake. Finally, foods commonly used to produce overeating and weight gain were compared. Sucrose was less effective than a high-fat milk diet, and offering cookies in addition to the milk did not increase energy intake further. The nature of optional foods (nutrient composition and physical form) was markedly more important than the number of food sources available to the animals, and is a better contender as the reason for "obesity by choice". KeywordsFood choice; Variety; Fat; Sugar The widespread availability of tasty, inexpensive, energy dense foods, which are typically rich in sugar and fat, is thought to contribute to the increasing prevalence of human obesity [e.g., 26,32]. A useful animal model for this phenomenon exists: laboratory rats overeat and gain excessive weight when offered a cafeteria of palatable high-fat and high-sugar foods in addition to their nutritionally complete chow diet [e.g., 34,36,37]. Another potentially important variable in diet-induced obesity studies is the availability of food, e.g., the number of sources of food offered [43]. In confirmation of prior studies [e.g, 16,29,40], rats offered a 32% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water consumed more total energy (sucrose + chow) and gained more weight than rats given only chow and water. The surprising finding of Tordoff's study was that rats given access to five bottles of sucrose and one of water consumed significantly more sucrose and total energy than did rats given only one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water. This is seemingly a situation that mimics the human case of abundant palatable food, with a larger number of sources leading to greater overeating. Tordoff [43] suggested that this was related to the overeating observed in cafeteria studies.Beyond the contributions of sugar and fat per se, variety in the available foods and their flavors has been linked to overeating and obesity in humans and animals [e.g., 27,28,36]. Laboratory

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Defense of differfing body weight set points in diet-induced obese and resistant rats

Cited by 188 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of liraglutide and sibutramine on food intake, palatability, body weight and glucose tolerance in the gubra DIO-rats

Effects of liraglutide and sibutramine on food intake, palatability, body weight and glucose tolerance in the gubra DIO-rats

Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

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