Defense Mechanism Test

Kragh, Ulf

doi:10.1037/t08121-000

PsycTESTS Dataset 1960

DOI: 10.1037/t08121-000

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Defense Mechanism Test

Ulf Kragh¹

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1982

2009

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…are coded in the Defense Mechanism Test manual (Kragh, 1985) as defenses. The conceptual framework of the paradigm is Freudian psychoanalysis, with the special role it assigns to defensive strategies in symptom formation and to defense analysis as the main technical aspect of treatment (Fenichel, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The former resorted more often (p < .001) to perceptual alterations of the threatening figure, coded as reaction formation, i.e., the menacing peripheral person was seen as kind, helpful, joyful, etc. The obsessive-compulsive group also employed more often a perceptual strategy called "barrier isolation" in the manual (Kragh, 1985), i.e., the hero and peripheral figure were separated by a line, a structure, something interposed between the central figure and the threat.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it was expected that obsessive-compulsive patients would be characterized by reports of the mother entering the room or doing something for the child. It was also hypothesized that the same patients would resort to reports of the child as an angel, a cupid, or the like; these reports are coded as intellectualization (an obsessive-compulsive defense) in the Defense Mechanism Test manual (Kragh, 1985), and were found in the obsessive sample studied by Nilsson (1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It was predicted that the agoraphobic sample would present more instances of so-called "phobic repression" (Kragh, 1985), compared with the obsessive-compulsive group, i.e., the mother figure would not be seen as an animate being but as an object. This type of report was frequent among agoraphobic patients in a previous study (Rubino, et al, 1997).…”

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The Defense Mechanism Test–Separation Theme in Two Anxiety Disorders

2009

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Two groups of 26 age- and sex-matched outpatients, with DSM-IV diagnoses of obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia, were compared on the Defense Mechanism Test-Separation Theme. A stimulus portraying a mother figure who is leaving a room where a baby lies alone on the floor was presented 22 times at increasing exposure durations in a single-view tachistoscope. Participants were asked to describe what they perceived at each step, according to the method of the Defense Mechanism Test. As predicted, reports of the mother seen as an inanimate object (phobic repression) were statistically significantly associated with agoraphobia, while reports of the mother entering the room or doing something other than leaving the baby (reaction formation) and reports of the baby as an angel (intellectualization) were associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Defense Mechanism Test–Separation Theme in Two Anxiety Disorders

2009

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“…Others are the Blacky Pictures (Blum, 1950), the Defense Mechanisms Test (Kragh, 1969) and scales by Haan (1965) based upon the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) seems to have received the most attention in research.…”

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Evidence that defence mechanisms are more related to personality than to symptoms

Tauschke¹,

Helmes²,

Merskey³

1991

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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The Defense Mechanisms Inventory is one of the more popular instruments for examining hypothetical dynamic mechanisms. It is known to correlate with some measures of personality and mood. We proposed that, as measures of personality and measures of defence mechanisms are considered to have a common origin in early experience, they should be more strongly correlated than measures of mood, given equal power in the measures of the dependent variables. In this connection we report the relationship which were found between scores on the subscales of the Inventory and the Hysteroid/Obsessoid Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. There was only a weak relationship between anxiety or depression on the one hand and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory on the other. The highest correlation noted in this regard was Pearson's r = .18, p = .065 between anxiety and the scale Turning Against Self (TAS). The Hysteroid/Obsessoid Questionnaire showed a positive relationship between high scores (hysteroid, i.e. extraverted) and the scale TAO (Turning Against the Object) and a negative relationship for the TAS scale (r = -.290, p = .003). Thus the Defense Mechanisms Inventory showed a stronger relationship with personality than with mood.

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Nurses' personalities, nursing‐related qualities and work satisfaction: a 10‐year perspective

Sand

2003

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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The personalities and qualities of nursing personnel are considered to be of great importance for their interactions and nursing relationships with patients and may also influence work satisfaction. The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which different personal qualities and personality factors, with a possible effect on motivation, professional conduct and coping with stress and anxiety, are represented in a group of assistant nurses (second level nurses), and how these qualities are related to nursing competence and long-range work satisfaction. A group of 51 female nursing students (mean age 31.8 years) participated in the study. The nursing-related qualities were empathy, sensitivity to non-verbal communication, feelings of discomfort in different nursing situations and work satisfaction. The personality factors were psychogenic needs and defence mechanisms. At a follow-up 2 years later, 43 nurses were interviewed, work satisfaction was assessed and nursing competence was appraised. At a follow-up 10 years after completion of nursing school, 33 of the nurses took part in a telephone interview. Work satisfaction was assessed in 23 of those who were still working as nurses. Cluster analysis performed on baseline data resulted in four groups: empathic, discomfort prone, service-minded and dominant. At the first follow-up, the service-minded had the greatest work satisfaction, with many considered to be 'real jewels'. At the second follow-up 8 years later, there appeared to be an overrepresentation of injuries and long-term sick leave in this group, whose members had apparent difficulties in being dominant and asserting own interests. Work satisfaction diminished in all the groups over time. Long-term work satisfaction was found, however, to be related to degree of empathy and a low degree of sensitivity to aggressiveness.

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Defense Mechanism Test

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The Defense Mechanism Test–Separation Theme in Two Anxiety Disorders

The Defense Mechanism Test–Separation Theme in Two Anxiety Disorders

Evidence that defence mechanisms are more related to personality than to symptoms

Nurses' personalities, nursing‐related qualities and work satisfaction: a 10‐year perspective

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