Defending democracy: Militant and popular models of democratic self‐defense

Stahl, Rune Møller; Popp-Madsen, Benjamin Ask

doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12639

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This double dependency, or even parallelism or alignment, between democracy and education, means that education should consider a similar attitude toward protecting itself as democracy does. A defensive (or self-defending, or militant) democracy is a democracy that takes special measures to protect itself (Stahl and Popp-Madsen, 2022). These notions are perhaps most prominent in Israel, where issues of national security and fighting terrorism (Gross, 2003;Weinblum, 2015) on the one hand and extreme political groups (mostly from the right wing) (Cohen-Almagor, 1994) on the other challenge the very existence of the state or the (already contested and problematic) democratic character of Israel.…”

Section: Broader Social Contexts: Changing Society Democracy Self-def...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These notions are perhaps most prominent in Israel, where issues of national security and fighting terrorism (Gross, 2003;Weinblum, 2015) on the one hand and extreme political groups (mostly from the right wing) (Cohen-Almagor, 1994) on the other challenge the very existence of the state or the (already contested and problematic) democratic character of Israel. However, following electoral victories of authoritarian populists in a range of parliamentary democracies in recent years, 4 there has been a growing unease with the ability of existing democratic institutions to keep such authoritarian threats under control, and doubts about the capacity of the institutions of parliamentary democracy to protect themselves against democratic backsliding have led to a resurgence of academic interest in the ideas of democratic self-defense, democratic self-preservation, and perhaps the most frequent term of militant democracy (Stahl and Popp-Madsen, 2022).…”

Section: Broader Social Contexts: Changing Society Democracy Self-def...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How far should we go seeking new horizons for education’s autonomy?

Yosef-Hassidim

Baldacchino

2023

Policy Futures in Education

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While the fresh debate on education’s autonomy continues in this special issue as in other forums and venues, new layers of complexity on this theme continue to emerge, just as further nuances are revealed in the course of discussion. Following this welcomed growth in the discussion, and in the spirit of characterizing autonomy—and therefore also education’s autonomy—as it bears polysemic possibilities, we explore in this editorial old and new theoretical and practical horizons for conceptualizing and realizing education’s autonomy. We claim that advocates of education’s autonomy should ask not just where we want to go but also how far do we want to go; to what degree programs of education’s autonomy should inspire to change theoretical and practical frameworks, and as such the way we think about education? To what degree educational programs should exceed the current social structures within which education functions? By surveying such questions, we hope to expand the discourse on education’s autonomy into related and even unrelated contexts, where it is very possible that autonomy is not seen as having any direct relevance—depending, of course, on how one poses its questions—but where on a closer look, both context and case bring up new avenues of thinking and dialogue. We invite scholars to experiment with these horizons, as the discussion moves toward further examination of what education’s autonomy means and what are those possible and uncharted terrains which invariably emerge whenever the subject is brought up.

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Section: Broader Social Contexts: Changing Society Democracy Self-def...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Broader Social Contexts: Changing Society Democracy Self-def...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How far should we go seeking new horizons for education’s autonomy?

Yosef-Hassidim

Baldacchino

2023

Policy Futures in Education

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European Union defensive democracy’s responses to disinformation

Juhász

2024

Journal of Contemporary European Studies

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Democracy despite Itself

Schupmann

2024

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This book advances a liberal normative theory of militant democracy to address the existential threat to democracy posed by ‘legal revolution’. ‘Militant democracy’ refers to the use of measures of constitutional entrenchment to defend democracy. Legal revolution occurs when democratically elected actors use legal procedures to undermine democratic constitutional essentials, evident today in countries like Hungary, India, and Turkey. This book develops its normative theory by combining John Rawls’ political liberalism and Carl Schmitt’s constitutional theory to argue that basic liberal rights are an essential part of the democratic constitutional framework and that the state has the right to defend its democratic political identity against internal challenges. It argues that militant democracy is institutionalized by three key mechanisms: explicit unamendability, political rights restrictions, and guardianship by a constitutional court, exemplified by the 1949 German Basic Law. It concludes that incorporating these defensive measures is a crucial safeguard of democracy against the threat of legal revolution, offering a model for the design of democratic constitutions in the future.

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Defending democracy: Militant and popular models of democratic self‐defense

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

How far should we go seeking new horizons for education’s autonomy?

How far should we go seeking new horizons for education’s autonomy?

European Union defensive democracy’s responses to disinformation

Democracy despite Itself

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