Defence, attack, and flight elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus of the cat

Brown, Jerram L.; Hunsperger, R. W.; Rosvold, H. Enger

doi:10.1007/bf00234534

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Awakenings, Oliver Sacks described hypersexuality as an invariant consequence of administering L-DOPA to his patients (Sacks, 1999), demonstrating the conservation of dopamine's role in mating drive across phyla. Classic work in cats showed that stimulating a specific hypothalamic area elicits aggression, even toward inanimate ''dummy'' cats (Brown et al, 1969), similar to the courtship not only toward females, but also toward fly-sized inanimate objects, when dopamine-receiving neurons are activated. More recently, optogenetic techniques were used to stimulate an aggression locus within the murine hypothalamus, causing aggression toward other mice, or even toward an inflated rubber glove (Lin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopaminergic Circuitry Underlying Mating Drive

Zhang

Rogulja

Crickmore

2016

Neuron

133

208

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We develop a new system for studying how innate drives are tuned to reflect current physiological needs and capacities, and how they affect sensory-motor processing. We demonstrate the existence of male mating drive in Drosophila, which is transiently and cumulatively reduced as reproductive capacity is depleted by copulations. Dopaminergic activity in the anterior of the superior medial protocerebrum (SMPa) is also transiently and cumulatively reduced in response to matings and serves as a functional neuronal correlate of mating drive. The dopamine signal is transmitted through the D1-like DopR2 receptor to P1 neurons, which also integrate sensory information relevant to the perception of females, and which project to courtship motor centers that initiate and maintain courtship behavior. Mating drive therefore converges with sensory information from the female at the point of transition to motor output, controlling the propensity of a sensory percept to trigger goal-directed behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopaminergic Circuitry Underlying Mating Drive

Zhang

Rogulja

Crickmore

2016

Neuron

133

208

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“…In the cat, threshold mapping within the responsible hypothalamic zones revealed some spatial separation for growling and flight, but hissing was rarely obtained as a primary effect [Brown et al, 1969a]. The hiss ing response, which is comparable to the mobbing response in the mar moset, was frequently evoked upon stimulation with moderately elevated current intensities.…”

Section: Dynamic Interactions Within the Threat-flight System In The mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Primates especially appear to ex press specific motivational states by vocalizations [M arler, 1965], and it has been shown that electrically evoked sounds are reliable parameters for quantitative investigations in squirrel monkeys [Juergens and P loog, 1970], cats [Brown et al, 1969a], and chickens [von H olst, 1957, 1961], On the other hand, this study and other reports on primates [Alexander and P erachio, 1973;D elgado, 1969] show that the performance of stimulus-bound attacks within a social situation depends highly on dominance structures and on environmental factors. Stimulus-bound at tacks may thus provide only a crude measure of the aggressive tendency of an experimental animal.…”

Section: Comparison Of Elicited and Natural Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat, Attack and Flight Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus of the Marmoset Monkey <i>Callithrix jacchus</i>; pp. 276–293

Lipp

Hunsperger²

1978

Brain Behav Evol

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In order to elucidate whether relatively primitive primates show a similar topological organization of substrates mediating defense and flight within the ventromedial hypothalamus as has been found in other mammals, 15 marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were chronically implanted with a total of 57 electrodes for electrical stimulation. Experiments took place in a familiar environment and under systematically altered conditions. All anatomical sites yielding vocal threat and short attacks were found to be situated in the n. ventromedialis. Flight was elicited from a region immediately lateral to this nucleus and from sites in the posterior hypothalamus. Thus, it appears that the topological organization of defense and flight behavior in cat, oppossum and marmoset are essentially similar.

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“…An avoidance behavior is a complex action that can take a number of forms, which vary substantially between individuals and situations. Often the avoidance responses more resembles locomotion 134 or “active wandering” 135 than the rapid burst of activity characteristic of innate flight that Bolles seems to refer to. Moreover, avoidance responses are acquired and maintained in ways that make them distinct from Pavlovian responses.…”

Section: Digging Deeper Into the Conceptual Stumbling Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm

et al. 2016

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Research on avoidance conditioning began in the late 1930s as a way to use laboratory experiments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety. Avoidance was initially conceived of as a two-factor learning process in which fear is initially acquired through Pavlovian aversive conditioning (so-called fear conditioning), and then behaviors that reduce the fear aroused by the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus are reinforced through instrumental conditioning. Over the years, criticisms of both the avoidance paradigm and the two-factor fear theory arose. By the mid 1980s, avoidance had fallen out of favor as an experimental model relevant to fear and anxiety. However recent progress in understanding the neural basis of Pavlovian conditioning has stimulated a new wave of research on avoidance. The new work has fostered new insights into contributions of not only Pavlovian and instrumental learning, but also habit learning, to avoidance, and has suggested that the reinforcing event underlying the instrumental phase should be conceived in terms of cellular and molecular events in specific circuits rather than in terms of vague notions of fear reduction. In our approach, defensive reactions (freezing), actions (avoidance) and habits (habitual avoidance) are viewed as being controlled by unique circuits that operate non-consciously in the control of behavior, and that are distinct from the circuits that give rise to conscious feelings of fear and anxiety. These refinements, we suggest, overcome older criticisms, justifying the value of the new wave of research on avoidance, and offering a fresh perspective on the clinical implications of this work.

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Defence, attack, and flight elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus of the cat

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Dopaminergic Circuitry Underlying Mating Drive

Dopaminergic Circuitry Underlying Mating Drive

Threat, Attack and Flight Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus of the Marmoset Monkey <i>Callithrix jacchus</i>; pp. 276–293

The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm

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