Defects of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Scleroderma

Kraus, Arnoldo; Guerra-Bautista, Generoso; Espinoza, Gilberto Covarrubias; Barojas, E.; Quiroz-Mercado, H.; Sanchez-Echeverri, G.; Alarcón‐Segovia, Donato

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/30.2.112

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…It was suggested that atrophy of RPE was likely to be because of an underlying abnormality and damage of the choroidal vasculature at the choriocapillary level. 25,26 In our study, there were no detectable retinal changes in our patients with scleroderma. It has been reported that retinal arterioles are relatively unaffected in patients with scleroderma.…”

contrasting

confidence: 47%

“…It has been reported that retinal arterioles are relatively unaffected in patients with scleroderma. 20,25,26 Pericytes of nerves are important structures in pathophysiology of scleroderma and retinal arterioles are less sensitive to scleroderma due to the fact that retinal arterioles do not have nerve supply. 25 On the other hand, choroid vessels have nerve supply and pericytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of choroidal thickness in patients with scleroderma

Coşkun

Zengin

Kenan

et al. 2016

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the choroidal thickness in patients with scleroderma and to compare them with healthy control subjects. Methods Forty-six patients with scleroderma (3 male and 43 female) and 31 healthy controls (6 male and 25 female) were included in the study. Twenty-five patients had limited-type and 21 patients had diffuse-type scleroderma. Only left eyes of the patients and control subjects were used in the analysis. Demographic features of all the patients and control subjects were recorded. Each subject underwent ophthalmological examinations including refraction, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length (AXL) measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and fundus examination. Body mass index (BMI) was estimated for all participants. Results There were no significant differences between the patients with scleroderma and the control subjects in terms of age, gender, BMI, mean AXL, and mean spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) (P = 0.1, P = 0.086, P = 0.37, P = 0.55, and P = 0.072 respectively). The patients with scleroderma had significantly thinner nasal, temporal, and subfoveal choroid than the healthy control subjects (P 1 = 0.012, P 2 = 0.046, and P 3 o0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the patients with limited-type and diffuse-type scleroderma in terms of age, gender, BMI, mean AXL, mean SE, nasal, temporal, and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses (all P40.05). Conclusions Choroidal thickness in patients with scleroderma was significantly less than healthy control subjects. Vasculopathy in scleroderma is characterized by obliteration of arterioles and reduced capillary density may cause atrophy of choroid in patients with scleroderma.

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confidence: 47%

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of choroidal thickness in patients with scleroderma

Coşkun

Zengin

Kenan

et al. 2016

Eye

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“…Opportunities for this level of exchange likely materialized as a result of the common niche that S. enterica subspecies I share. These salmonellae are usually isolated from warmblooded animals, whereas other non-group I strains are isolated generally from reptiles (8,31). Our further observation that the entire 1.1 kb of mutS and flanking sequences appear to have Compatibility matrix of the total mutS matrix showing pairwise comparisons of informative binary sites within (colored triangles) and between (white) the intragene segments indicated.…”

Section: Niche Overlap and R-m Compatibility As Potential Factors Delmentioning

confidence: 87%

Limited boundaries for extensive horizontal gene transfer among Salmonella pathogens

Brown

Mammel

LeClerc

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recombination is thought to be rare within Salmonella, as evidenced by absence of gene transfer among SARC strains that represent the broad genetic diversity of the eight primary subspecies of this common facultative intracellular pathogen. We adopted a phylogenetic approach to assess recombination within the mutS gene of 70 SARB strains, a genetically homogeneous population of Salmonella enterica subspecies I strains, which have in common the ability to infect warm-blooded animals. We report here that SARB strains show evidence for widespread recombinational exchange in contrast to results obtained with strains exhibiting species-level genetic variation. Besides extensive allele shuffling, SARB strains showed notably larger recombinagenic patch sizes for mutS (at least Ϸ1.1 kb) than previously reported for S. enterica SARC strains. Explaining these experimental dichotomies provides important insight for understanding microbial evolution, because they suggest likely ecologic and genetic barriers that limit extensive gene transfer in the feral setting.

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“…In chicken, the pecteneal glia express glutamine synthetase (GS) and vimentin (Vim) but not glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; Gerhardt et al 1999aGerhardt et al , 1999b. The transcription factor Pax2 is expressed by glial cells during the ontogeny of the vertebrate ON thereby inhibiting the neuronal fate and promoting astroglial differentiation (Krauss et al 1991;Püschel et al 1992;Soukkarieh et al 2007). It is maintained in differentiated astrocytes in fish, chick and mammals (Chan-Ling et al 2009;Parrilla et al 2009;Stanke et al 2010) but apparently is downregulated in adult (aged) mammals (Chu et al 2001;Mi and Barres 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the conus papillaris of the lizard Gallotia galloti and cellular response following transection of the optic nerve: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

et al. 2011

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Spontaneous regrowth of the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) occurs after unilateral optic nerve transection (ONT) in the lizard Gallotia galloti. We have performed an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the conus papillaris (CP) of this lizard during ontogeny and after ONT in order to characterize its cell subpopulations, innervation and putative blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to evaluate changes occurring throughout regeneration. Proliferating PCNA(+) cells were abundant between embryonic stage 33 (E33) and hatching. From E33, we observed Pax2(+)/GS(+) glial cells in the primitive CP, which became increasingly pigmented and vascularised from E35. Conal astrocytes coexpressing Pax2 with vimentin and/or GFAP were identified from E37-E38. GluT-1(+)/LEA(+)/Pax2(-) endothelial cells (ECs) formed a continuous endothelium with tight junctions and luminal and abluminal microfolds. In adults, the peripheral blood vessels showed a thinner calibre, stronger GluT-1 staining and more abundant microfolds than those of the central CP indicating the higher specialization involved during transport within the former. Occasional pericytes, abundant Pax2(+) pigment cells, LEA(+) microglia/macrophages, unmyelinated Tuj1(+) nerve fibres and SV2(+) synaptic vesicles were also observed in the perivascular zone. After ONT, the expression of GluT-1 and p75(NTR) persisted in ECs, suggesting the preservation/early recovery of the BBB. Relevant ultrastructural alterations were observed at 0.5 months postlesion, although, by 3 months, the CP had recovered the ultrastructure of controls indicating tissue recovery. Abnormal newly formed blood vessels had developed in the CP-optic nerve junction. Thus, the CP is a central nervous system structure whose regenerating capacity might be key for the nutritional support of regenerating RGCs in G. galloti.

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Defects of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Scleroderma

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of choroidal thickness in patients with scleroderma

Evaluation of choroidal thickness in patients with scleroderma

Limited boundaries for extensive horizontal gene transfer among Salmonella pathogens

Ontogeny of the conus papillaris of the lizard Gallotia galloti and cellular response following transection of the optic nerve: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

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