Abstract:In this work, surface modification was carried out using friction stir processing (FSP) technique to investigate on the electro-spark deposited (ESD) TiB 2 TiC coated electrode caps for resistance spot welding. The morphology, microstructure, phase composition and resulting mechanical properties of the electrode were examined and characterized. The results showed that treatment with FSP significantly reduced the number of cracks formed on TiB 2 TiC coating and enhanced the interfacial binding force between the… Show more
“…This is in agreement with Y. Morisada and co-workers' work. 20) Additionally, the coarse columnar grains of copper alloy substrate that observed in Fig. 2 (a) are instable, with temperature of the substrate increased, they spontaneously transfer into the equiaxed microstructure.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…912) The recrystallization temperature of pure Ni is about 632°C. 24) Our previous work 20) reported that the substrate temperature generated by FSP didn't exceed the softening point, which indicates that the Ni within the coating may be recrystallized by severe plastic deformation during the FSP, resulting in the elimination of cracks. This is in agreement with Y. Morisada and co-workers' work.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In present work, due to low rotating rate (600 rpm) it was determined that the substrate temperature generated by FSP didn't exceed the softening point of the Improved Properties of TiC Coating Deposited on Copper Alloy via Friction Stir Processing copper alloy substrate, which was reported in our previous work. 20) Extensive investigations 1419) also showed that the temperature generated by FSP was in range from 400 to 900°C, which under the action of FSP TiC coating was hardly oxidized due to excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance. Ni diffraction peak is not found in the X-ray pattern, which is regarded as the evaporation of some Ni during the ESD, resulting in the decrease of Ni in the coating.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1419) Our previous work also reported that FSP successfully modified the defects of TiB 2 -TiC composite coating on resistance spot welding electrode. 20) The principle of FSP is almost as same as friction stir welding (FSW). A selected area of a metal plate can be modified by a rotating tool (with or without a pin).…”
In this work, TiC coating on a copper alloy electrode, which is prepared by a special electron-spark deposition process (ESD), was modified by friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructure evolution of the coating was investigated, while the mechanical properties of the coating and interface were measured. The results show that FSP eliminates the cracks within TiC coating and improves the interface bonding between the TiC coating and substrate. The hardness of the FSPed TiC coating is increased about 800 HV by decreasing cracks. The elimination of the cracks within the coating is ascribed to the thermal-mechanical effect on the coating during the FSP. The increase in hardness is attributed to the decreasing number of cracks and the disappearance of columnar Cu grains, which are modified by FSP.
“…This is in agreement with Y. Morisada and co-workers' work. 20) Additionally, the coarse columnar grains of copper alloy substrate that observed in Fig. 2 (a) are instable, with temperature of the substrate increased, they spontaneously transfer into the equiaxed microstructure.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…912) The recrystallization temperature of pure Ni is about 632°C. 24) Our previous work 20) reported that the substrate temperature generated by FSP didn't exceed the softening point, which indicates that the Ni within the coating may be recrystallized by severe plastic deformation during the FSP, resulting in the elimination of cracks. This is in agreement with Y. Morisada and co-workers' work.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In present work, due to low rotating rate (600 rpm) it was determined that the substrate temperature generated by FSP didn't exceed the softening point of the Improved Properties of TiC Coating Deposited on Copper Alloy via Friction Stir Processing copper alloy substrate, which was reported in our previous work. 20) Extensive investigations 1419) also showed that the temperature generated by FSP was in range from 400 to 900°C, which under the action of FSP TiC coating was hardly oxidized due to excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance. Ni diffraction peak is not found in the X-ray pattern, which is regarded as the evaporation of some Ni during the ESD, resulting in the decrease of Ni in the coating.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1419) Our previous work also reported that FSP successfully modified the defects of TiB 2 -TiC composite coating on resistance spot welding electrode. 20) The principle of FSP is almost as same as friction stir welding (FSW). A selected area of a metal plate can be modified by a rotating tool (with or without a pin).…”
In this work, TiC coating on a copper alloy electrode, which is prepared by a special electron-spark deposition process (ESD), was modified by friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructure evolution of the coating was investigated, while the mechanical properties of the coating and interface were measured. The results show that FSP eliminates the cracks within TiC coating and improves the interface bonding between the TiC coating and substrate. The hardness of the FSPed TiC coating is increased about 800 HV by decreasing cracks. The elimination of the cracks within the coating is ascribed to the thermal-mechanical effect on the coating during the FSP. The increase in hardness is attributed to the decreasing number of cracks and the disappearance of columnar Cu grains, which are modified by FSP.
“…FSP for microstructure refinement has also been applied to coatings, including Al-Cr-O plasmasprayed composites [24], Al-Al 2 O 3 cold-sprayed composites [25], electro-spark-deposited TiB 2 -TiC composite [26], flame thermal-sprayed Ni-Cr-Al alloy [27], and cemented carbide layers [28]. Other benefits also have been attributed to FSP, such as improved liquation cracking resistance in the heat-affected zones of nickel-based alloys [29], and consolidation of sintered microstructures in powder metallurgy-based metal matrix composites [30].…”
Section: Potential For Microstructure Modificationmentioning
This assessment considers recent work on friction stir processing (FSP), which has been demonstrated to be an effective method for grain refinement and synthesis of new alloys and composites. The grain refinement is attributed to high strain rates leading to recrystallisation, while external cooling suppresses grain growth during cooling. The technique is capable of producing nanocrystalline alloys, and also able to disperse nanoparticles into alloys. The mechanical properties of processed materials agree with a combination of existing models for grain refinement, and precipitate reinforcement theory. Further improvements in the technique may help deal with severe tool wear during the FSP of composites, and reduce the complexity of composite fabrication using novel processing methods and tooling.
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