Defects in LiNbO3—I. experimental aspects

Schirmer, O. F.; Thiemann, O.; Wöhlecke, M.

doi:10.1016/0022-3697(91)90064-7

Cited by 507 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Our previous ULIA experimental results [24] show that with increasing Li 2 O content, the saturation value of ∆α increased and reached its maximum at 49.6 mol% Li 2 O content; this value then began to decline. The results of the bleaching experiment [25] agree with those for ultraviolet (UV) light-induced absorption; these two sets of experimental results indicate that the optimum Li 2 O content for two-color LiNbO 3 :Fe:Mn holography should be about 49.6 mol%.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Improved nonvolatile holographic storage sensitivity of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Wang

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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supporting

confidence: 64%

Improved nonvolatile holographic storage sensitivity of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Wang

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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“…6,9,151,152 Density measurements showed that neither oxygen vacancies nor oxygen interstitials are present in the lattice. 4,153 It can be assumed that excess Nb is mainly incorporated on Li sites forming Nb Li antisites though Nb ions occupying structural interstitial sites also remain a debated option.…”

Section: A Intrinsic Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

103

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Owing to the extraordinary richness of its physical properties, congruent lithium niobate has attracted multidecade-long interest both for fundamental science and applications. The combination of ferro-, pyro-, and piezoelectric properties with large electro-optic, acousto-optic, and photoelastic coefficients as well as the strong photorefractive and photovoltaic effects offers a great potential for applications in modern optics. To provide powerful optical components in high energy laser applications, tailoring of key material parameters, especially stoichiometry, is required. This paper reviews the state of the art of growing large stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (sLN) crystals, in particular, the defect engineering of pure and doped sLN with emphasis on optical damage resistant (ODR) dopants (e.g., Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Hf, Zr, Sn). The discussion is focused on crystals grown by the high temperature top seeded solution growth (HTTSSG) technique using alkali oxide fluxing agents. Based on high-temperature phase equilibria studies of the Li 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 -X 2 O ternary systems (X ¼ Na, K, Rb, Cs), the impact of alkali homologue additives on the stoichiometry of the lithium niobate phase will be analyzed, together with a summary of the ultraviolet, infrared, and far-infrared absorption spectroscopic methods developed to characterize the composition of the crystals. It will be shown that using HTTSSG from K 2 O containing flux, crystals closest to the stoichiometric composition can be grown characterized by a UV-edge position of at about 302 nm and a single narrow hydroxyl band in the IR with a linewidth of less than 3 cm À1 at 300 K. The threshold concentrations for ODR dopants depend on crystal stoichiometry and the valence of the dopants; Raman spectra, hydroxyl vibration spectra, and Z-scan measurements prove to be useful to distinguish crystals below and above the photorefractive threshold. Crystals just above the threshold are preferred for most nonlinear optical applications apart holography and have the additional advantage to minimize the absorption even in the far-infrared (THz) range. The review also provides a discussion on the progress made in the characterization of non-stoichiometry related intrinsic and extrinsic defect structures in doped LN crystals, with emphasis on ODR-ion-doped and/or closely stoichiometric systems, based on both spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modelling, including the results of first principles quantum mechanical calculations on hydroxyl defects. It will also be shown that new perspective applications, e.g., the generation of high energy THz pulses with energies on the tens-of-mJ scale, are feasible with ODR-doped sLN crystals if optimal conditions, including the contact grating technique, are applied. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…The discussion about congruent LN intrinsic defects goes on during long time and detailed review of possible defect structure models can be found for example in [10]. Decisive arguments in favor of one of the proposed models -so-called lithium vacancy model, when the chemical formula of congruent LN can be written as: Li 1−5δ Nb 1+δ O 3 (where δ ≈ 0.0118) were obtained by Iyi et al [11].…”

Section: The Analysis Of Mg-doped Ln Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

et al. 2010

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The analysis of cation sublattices population in magnesium doped LiNbO 3 crystals is carried out. It is shown that volume concentration of lithium vacancies (V Li ) monotonously increases with increasing of MgO content in the crystal up to the threshold value. A series of LiNbO 3 crystals with various concentration of Mg 2+ were investigated by 7 Li and 93 Nb Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). It is concluded that the peculiarities of NMR spectra in Mg-doped LiNbO 3 crystals can be explained by the formation of defect complexes including Mg Li ions and V Li on the shortest distances between them.

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Defects in LiNbO3—I. experimental aspects

Cited by 507 publications

References 78 publications

Improved nonvolatile holographic storage sensitivity of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Improved nonvolatile holographic storage sensitivity of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

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Defects in LiNbO3—I. experimental aspects

Cited by 507 publications

References 78 publications

Improved nonvolatile holographic storage sensitivity of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Improved nonvolatile holographic storage sensitivity of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO3Crystal

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NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal