Defects in graphene-based heterostructures: topological and geometrical effects

Abstract

The combination of graphene (Gr) and graphene-like materials provides the possibility of using two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer building blocks to create unprecedented architectures.

Phase Engineering and Synchrotron-Based Study on Two-Dimensional Energy Nanomaterials

“…48,52,54 These defects have been observed in graphene, h-BN, BP, and TMDs, among others, under electron irradiation conditions. 29,50 1D defects in 2D materials frequently arise either at the boundary between materials or within holes. 55 Unlike baseplane defects, edge defects exhibit a large number of unsaturated bonds, which render them highly reactive.…”

“…The vacancy types and equilibrium concentrations are determined by the formation energy, which also affects their prevalence. , Electron-deficient and electron-rich vacancies can be distinguished based on the types of stripped atoms. In general, anionic vacancies are more prevalent than cationic vacancies due to the former’s lower formation energy. , Dislocation defects result from the local irregular arrangement of lattice atoms, and they are typically found at marginal sites in 2D materials. , For example, pentagon–heptagon distribution (5–7) defects in graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and pentagon–nonagon (5–9) defects in BP can be observed; the latter is a consequence of anisotropic buckling lattice structures. − On the other hand, topological defects, which involve the recombination of the local lattice and the rotation of bonds, are widespread in hexagonal graphene and graphene-like systems. , Other typical topological defects include various heptagon-pentagon (7–5) defects and Thrower-Stone–Wales defects, as well as double pentagon–octagon (5–8–5) defects, double pentagon-heptagon (D5–D7) defects, and triple pentagon–heptagon (T5–T7) defects (Figure b). ,, These defects have been observed in graphene, h-BN, BP, and TMDs, among others, under electron irradiation conditions. , …”

Atomistic designing of 2D quantum materials heterostructures CdF/CrI3 for Berry curvature driven tunable intrinsic anomalous Hall state

“…However, so far, major attention has been paid to the well studied Bi-based topological insulators for constructing the vdW heterostructures with different magnetic materials [27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Apart from these, other topological materials have also been investigated in the heterostructure context by combining with a variety of magnetic materials, such as PbTe/SnTe [40], CoBr 2 /Pt 2 HgSe 3 /CoBr 2 , Pt 2 HgSe 3 [41], MnBi 2 Te 4 /CrI 3 [42], MoS 2 /WSe 2 [25,26], graphene-based heterostructures [43]. In the same line of thought, enormous efforts are invested in developing a quantum system to achieve this QAH conductivity at high temperature [44][45][46].…”

Landau levels and snake states of pseudo-spin-1 Dirac-like electrons in gapped Lieb lattices

“…Effects due to emerging defects during the synthesis of graphene sheets have * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. been reported in [9,10], whereas synthesis and applications in quantum dots were discussed in [11].…”