Defects in composite structures: Its effects and prediction methods – A comprehensive review

The Effects of Shear on Mode II Delamination

“…elamination, or interlaminar fracture, is a major failure mode for composite laminates, which still attracts researchers' attention despite the huge number of dedicated studies during the last decades [1][2][3][4][5]. Since the earlier works, it has been recognised that the structural behaviour of a laminate affected by delamination can be analysed by schematising the laminate as an appropriate assemblage of sublaminates [6,7].…”

Composite beam generally connected: Analytical model

“…5): (9) Considering that, at every x, the cross-sections of the two layers are forced to perform equal rotation and equal curvature to one another (assumption 3) and that the behavior of the two layers is always elastic (assumption 2):…”

“…The critical step in finite element modeling is the simulation of the connection between the components, which may be modeled using interface, cohesive or solid finite elements. However, the interface elements, which model the contact, are often neither robust nor computationally efficient tools, especially with the notension or smeared cracking approaches; in fact, the iterative numerical process that they entail may be unstable and pose difficulties in convergence [9,11,33,47]. The cohesive elements, which are often governed by a strengthbased initiation criterion followed by a fracture mechanics criterion for crack propagation, guarantee numerical accuracy as long as their free parameters are calibrated accurately, which may be difficult [60][61][62].…”

“…In the latter case, the components are joined to each other by discrete devices, which connect the components at various points of the interfaces; i.e., two layers joined by connectors. Those members are generally called composite beams [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. If the components are made of materials different from one another, they are also called hybrid beams [6,7,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20];…”

Manufacturing defects in composite flanges: modelling and analysis of influence on static strength

“…Вопрос влияния различных дефектов на механические характеристики композитных конструкций весьма детально изложен в работах [2,3]: проведен всесторонний обзор суще-ствующих математических и экспериментальных методов, отмечены заслуги отечественных ученых В. В. Болотина, Л.М. Качанова, Ю.М.…”