Defects and fault modes of field-aged photovoltaic modules in the Nordics

Segbefia, Oscar Kwame; Akhtar, Naureen; Sætre, Tor Oskar

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2023.01.126

Cited by 12 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[ 37,38 ] Because the back‐sheet, edges, and EVA of PV modules are permeable, the chloride ions can diffuse into PV modules. [ 39,40 ] Most of the aforementioned studies have reported the electrochemical corrosion of the front of solar cells in sodium and chloride ionic environments. [ 14,19,39,40 ] However, few researchers paid attention on the potential‐induced electrochemical corrosion for the back of solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential‐Induced Electrochemical Corrosion in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Hao,

Yang,

Han

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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In this paper, the electrochemical corrosion of full‐area aluminum back surface field (Al‐BSF) and bifacial passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells subjected to different potential in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is systematically investigated. Based on different potential‐induced corrosion, the electrochemical corrosion mechanism of c‐Si solar cells is revealed for the first time. Under zero potential, an important finding is that the silicon beneath silver electrode is corroded and perforated for Al‐BSF cells. This phenomenon is attributed to the interaction between hydroxide ions from galvanic corrosion and electrons from silicon corrosion. For bifacial PERC cells, the pyramidal structure of silicon surface beneath the aluminum finger is observed at zero potential, which is similar to the silicon texturing etched in alkaline environment. Additionally, it is found that silicon corrosion is inhibited when positive or negative potential is applied to the back of Al‐BSF and bifacial PERC cells. Moreover, it is observed the aluminum suffers from more serious corrosion at positive potential than that at zero or negative potential, which is attributed to synthetical results of galvanic corrosion and electrolytic corrosion. This work provides a new insight on the potential‐induced electrochemical corrosion for c‐Si solar cells.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential‐Induced Electrochemical Corrosion in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Hao,

Yang,

Han

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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“…One of the most critical characteristics of good photovoltaic (PV) front encapsulation materials is optimum optical transmission efficiency [ 1 , 2 ]. However, in the field, PV modules are exposed to a variety of environmental stressors: high temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, wind and snow loads, and soiling [ [3] , [4] , [5] ]. In the presence of these environmental stressors, moisture can diffuse into the bulk of the solar panel through the edge, back of the panel, and/or voids (e.g., cracks) created in the panel [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the field, PV modules are exposed to a variety of environmental stressors: high temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, wind and snow loads, and soiling [ [3] , [4] , [5] ]. In the presence of these environmental stressors, moisture can diffuse into the bulk of the solar panel through the edge, back of the panel, and/or voids (e.g., cracks) created in the panel [ 4 , 5 ]. Moisture and moisture induced degradation (MID) products in the PV module initiate several degradation processes in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which is the most popular PV module front encapsulation material [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moisture and moisture induced degradation (MID) products in the PV module initiate several degradation processes in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which is the most popular PV module front encapsulation material [ 4 ]. MID products include oxides, acetates, carbonates of metal grids e.g., silver, lead, tin, copper, and aluminum [ 5 ]. For instance, MID of the EVA encapsulation produces acetic acid, and possibly, silver acetate [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MID products include oxides, acetates, carbonates of metal grids e.g., silver, lead, tin, copper, and aluminum [ 5 ]. For instance, MID of the EVA encapsulation produces acetic acid, and possibly, silver acetate [ 6 ]. The MID species can lead to delamination and discolouration of encapsulants, snail trails, potential induced degradation (PID), loss of adhesion, corrosion of metal grids and other components of the PV module [ 1 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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