Defective Stereopsis in Lesions of the Parietal Lobe

Rothstein, Terry Bruce; Sacks, Joel G.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(72)90146-8

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Disparity-selective neurons in area MT are organized into cortical columns based on their preferred disparity (DeAngelis and Newsome 1999); microstimulation applied to the disparity columns affects the behavioral decisions of monkeys performing a disparity-discrimination task (DeAngelis et al 1998). Single-neuron analyses in monkeys are in accordance with clinical observations in that parieto-occipital lesions in humans impair local stereopsis and perception of motion in depth (Rothstein and Sacks 1972;Zihl et al 1983). As the areas listed in the preceding text are critical for spatial and motion vision, this pathway may play an important role in stereopsis.…”

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confidence: 79%

Disparity-Selective Neurons in Area V4 of Macaque Monkeys

Watanabe

Tanaka

Uka

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Watanabe, Masayuki, Hiroki Tanaka, Takanori Uka, and Ichiro Fujita. Disparity-selective neurons in area V4 of macaque monkeys. J Neurophysiol 87: 1960J Neurophysiol 87: -1973J Neurophysiol 87: , 2002 10.1152/jn.00780.2000. Area V4 is an intermediate stage of the ventral visual pathway providing major input to the final stages in the inferior temporal cortex (IT). This pathway is involved in the processing of shape, color, and texture. IT neurons are also sensitive to horizontal binocular disparity, suggesting that binocular disparity is processed along the ventral visual pathway. In the present study, we examined the processing of binocular disparity information by V4 neurons. We recorded responses of V4 neurons to binocularly disparate stimuli. A population of V4 neurons modified their responses according to changes of stimulus disparity; neither monocular responses nor eye movements could account for this modulation. Disparity-tuning curves were similar for different locations within a neuron's receptive field. Neighboring neurons recorded using a single electrode displayed similar disparity-tuning properties. These findings indicate that a population of V4 neurons is selective for binocular disparity, invariant for the position of the stimulus within the receptive field. The finding that V4 neurons with similar disparity selectivity are clustered suggests the existence of functional modules for disparity processing in V4.

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confidence: 79%

Disparity-Selective Neurons in Area V4 of Macaque Monkeys

Watanabe

Tanaka

Uka

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…These areas in the precuneus, the posterior superior parietal lobule, and the intraparietal sulcus are all regions known to be engaged by visual processing related to the learning, recognition, memory storage, and recall of complex visual patterns (19,(39)(40)(41). The participation of the parietal lobe in stereovision in humans has also been indicated, as parietal lobe lesions may result in severely impaired stereopsis (42,43). There were symmetrically activated regions in the prefrontal cortex (frontal medial gyrms, mesial prefrontal cortex), and there was only one prefrontal region asymmetrically represented in the task (inferior part of the medial frontal gyrms).…”

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confidence: 96%

Binocular disparity discrimination in human cerebralcortex: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography.

Gulyás

Roland

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neurobiological studies in higher primates indicate that the processing of stereoscopic information takes place at early levels in the visual cortex. To map the anatomical structures in the human brain participating in pure stereopsis based upon binocular disparity, we measured with positron emission tomography the changes in regional cerebral blood flow as an indicator of metabolic activity in 10 healthy young men during visual discrimination of binocular disparity. The data demonstrate that the discrimination of pure stereoptic disparity information takes place in the polar striate cortex and the neighboring peristriate cortices, as well as in the parietal lobe, the prefrontal cortex, and the cerebellum. The discrimination of stereoscopic depth is dependent on a network composed of multiple functional fields localized in occipital-and parietal-lobe visual areas as well as in the dorsolateral and mesial prefrontal cortex. The findings support the importance of coactivated occipitoparietal visual areas in the processing and analysis of binocular depth information in humans.Psychophysical studies in humans (1-3) have indicated that the various submodalities of visual perception may be processed and analyzed in the visual system by different "functional processing streams," which are, as in other higher primates (4-6), related to anatomically separable subdivisions ofthe visual pathways. Among others, stereopsis based on binocular disparity is a fundamental visual submodality (7)(8)(9)(10). Single-cell studies in the macaque monkey (11)(12)(13)(14) have revealed that many neurons in the striate cortex and in the peristriate cortices respond to binocular disparity stimulation. Nevertheless, the localization and extent of areas subserving stereoscopic vision at the levels of neuronal populations in primates, including humans, have not yet been revealed.Recently, positron emission tomography (PET) has been instrumental in demonstrating that, indeed, different modality-specific visual cortical areas in the human brain are involved in the early analysis of color, form, and motion information (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). By using PET with an experimental paradigm related to the detection of horizontal disparity, here we show those areas in the human brain which are specifically engaged in pure binocular disparity detection. METHODS Subjects. Ten healthy male volunteers [mean age; 32.6 + 11.9 (SD) years] participated in the present study. The subjects were fully informed about the objectives, details, and risks of the experiment, and they have given a written consent, in agreement with the Helsinki Declaration and the OPRR Reports (20). They denied any neurological, psychological, and ophthalmologic history. Eight of them were emmetropes, and two had corrected-to-zero vision. The study was approved by the Ethical, Radiation Safety, and Magnetic Resonance Committees ofthe Karolinska Hospital.Stimulus Design. The stimulus paradigms were designed with the following requirements in mind: Ci) in each task identical stimulus ...

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“…For example, patients with anterior temporallobe lesions demonstrate impaired global stereopsis but intact local stereoacuity [9]. Patients with rightsided temporal lobe lesions perform significantly worse than those with left-sided lesions in perceiving depth when it is cued by ambiguous disparities [10]. Right hemisphere superiority has been suggested from works with normal human subjects [11].…”

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confidence: 94%

“…Lesion analyses in humans [9][10][11] indicate that the parietal cortex plays a major role with a suggestion of right-hemisphere dominance for stereoscopic recognition. For example, patients with anterior temporallobe lesions demonstrate impaired global stereopsis but intact local stereoacuity [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stereoscopic vision has been studied intensively at both the theoretical and computational levels [1][2][3]. Since stereoscopic recognition is known to exhibit a diverse and moderately complicated phenomena, which are well suited for study at the neurophysiological level, human brain mapping involved in stereoscopic recognition have been of growing interest [4][5][6][7][8].Lesion analyses in humans [9][10][11] indicate that the parietal cortex plays a major role with a suggestion of right-hemisphere dominance for stereoscopic recognition. For example, patients with anterior temporallobe lesions demonstrate impaired global stereopsis but intact local stereoacuity [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

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M Pathway and Areas 44 and 45 Are Involved in Stereoscopic Recognition Based on Binocular Disparity.

Negawa

Mizuno²,

Hahashi³

et al. 2002

JJP

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Environmental information is generally sent through several pathways that are parallel to the physically separated areas of the cerebral cortex, communicating with one another to produce the integration. A stereoscopic recognition is a typical example of the integration of two-dimensional (2D) images of a three-dimensional (3D) object projected in slightly different planes into a single-image having a 3D effect. Stereoscopic vision has been studied intensively at both the theoretical and computational levels [1][2][3]. Since stereoscopic recognition is known to exhibit a diverse and moderately complicated phenomena, which are well suited for study at the neurophysiological level, human brain mapping involved in stereoscopic recognition have been of growing interest [4][5][6][7][8].Lesion analyses in humans [9][10][11] indicate that the parietal cortex plays a major role with a suggestion of right-hemisphere dominance for stereoscopic recognition. For example, patients with anterior temporallobe lesions demonstrate impaired global stereopsis but intact local stereoacuity [9]. Patients with rightsided temporal lobe lesions perform significantly worse than those with left-sided lesions in perceiving depth when it is cued by ambiguous disparities [10]. Right hemisphere superiority has been suggested from works with normal human subjects [11]. Binocularly driven V3 complex cells project to the parieto-occipital area of the superior parietal lobule and lateral and posterior intraparietal areas in the lateral bank and fundus of the intraparietal sulcus in the cat [12] and Japanese Journal of Physiology, 52, 191-198, 2002 Key words: stereoscopic recognition, binocular disparity, functional MRI, M pathway, frequency labeled task sequence. Abstract:We characterized the visual pathways involved in the stereoscopic recognition of the random dot stereogram based on the binocular disparity employing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The V2, V3, V4, V5, intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) were significantly activated during the binocular stereopsis, but the inferotemporal gyrus (ITG) was not activated. Thus a human M pathway may be part of a network involved in the stereoscopic processing based on the binocular disparity. It is intriguing that areas 44 (Broca's area) and 45 in the left hemisphere were also active during the binocular stereopsis. However, it was reported that these regions were inactive during the monocular stereopsis. To separate the specific responses directly caused by the stereoscopic recognition process from the nonspecific ones caused by the memory load or the intention, we designed a novel frequency labeled tasks (FLT) sequence. The functional MRI using the FLT indicated that the activation of areas 44 and 45 is correlated with the stereoscopic recognition based on the binocular disparity but not with the intention artifacts, suggesting that areas 44 and 45 play an essential role in the binocular disparity.

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Defective Stereopsis in Lesions of the Parietal Lobe

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Disparity-Selective Neurons in Area V4 of Macaque Monkeys

Disparity-Selective Neurons in Area V4 of Macaque Monkeys

Binocular disparity discrimination in human cerebralcortex: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography.

M Pathway and Areas 44 and 45 Are Involved in Stereoscopic Recognition Based on Binocular Disparity.

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