Defective APETALA2 Genes Lead to Sepal Modification in Brassica Crops

Zhang, Yanfeng; Huang, Sunhua; Wang, Xuefang; Liu, Jianwei; Guo, Xupeng; Mu, Jianxin; Tian, Jichun

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00367

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…ERTF10 and ERDBF3 showed the highest expression in pistil and the lowest in stamen. AP2 has been reported in other crops to be important for flower and seed development (Jofuku et al, 1994;Zhang et al, 2018). In this study, the expression level of AP2 was found to be higher in the reproductive organ stamen, male calyx, female calyx, pistil, and ovary compared to that in leaf (Fig.…”

Section: Expression Levels Of Ethylene Candidate Genes In Different Flower Structuressupporting

confidence: 50%

Transcriptomic analysis reveals ethylene signal transduction genes involved in pistil development of pumpkin

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Development of female flowers is an important process that directly affects the yield of Cucubits. Little information is available on the sex determination and development of female flowers in pumpkin, a typical monoecious plant. In the present study, we used aborted and normal pistils of pumpkin for RNA-Seq analysis and determined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to gain insights into the molecular mechanism underlying pistil development in pumpkin. A total of 3,817 DEGs were identified, among which 1,341 were upregulated and 2,476 were downregulated. The results of transcriptome analysis were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Eighty-four DEGs were enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which accounted for 12.54% of the significant DEGs, and most of them were annotated as predicted ethylene responsive or insensitive transcription factor genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of four ethylene signal transduction genes in different flower structures (female calyx, pistil, male calyx, stamen, leaf, and ovary) were investigated. The ethyleneresponsive DNA binding factor, ERDBF3, and ethylene responsive transcription factor, ERTF10, showed the highest expression in pistils and the lowest expression in stamens, and their expression levels were 78- and 162-times more than that in stamens, respectively. These results suggest that plant hormone signal transduction genes, especially ethylene signal transduction genes, play an important role in the development of pistils in pumpkin. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of regulation of ethylene signal transduction genes in pistil development and sex determination in pumpkin.

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Section: Expression Levels Of Ethylene Candidate Genes In Different Flower Structuressupporting

confidence: 50%

Transcriptomic analysis reveals ethylene signal transduction genes involved in pistil development of pumpkin

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Hooked sepals are commonly encountered in broccoli hybrids, resulting in a non-uniform crown surface and a reduced ability to shed water. In B. rapa , Zhang et al (2018) identified loss-of-function BrAP2 alleles with sepal defects similar to the hooked sepal phenotype observed in BolTBDH. In BolTBDH, the optimal MQM model for hooked sepals (SH ∼ 1@2.1 + [1@0.2 × 1@20.2]) co-localized with the bud morphology hotspot Bud 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In BolTBDH, the optimal MQM model for hooked sepals (SH ∼ 1@2.1 + [1@0.2 × 1@20.2]) co-localized with the bud morphology hotspot Bud 1 . Bud 1 QTL include the homologous candidates AP2 (Bo1g004960), in agreement with Zhang et al (2018). Further evaluation of AP2 (Bo1g004960) homologs and other floral developmental candidates ( Table 6 ) in the Bud 1 hotspot may prove useful for improvement of bud morphology traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Complex Horticultural Quality Traits in Broccoli Are Illuminated by Evaluation of the Immortal BolTBDH Mapping Population

2019

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Improving horticultural quality in regionally adapted broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and other B. oleracea crops is challenging due to complex genetic control of traits affecting morphology, development, and yield. Mapping horticultural quality traits to genomic loci is an essential step in these improvement efforts. Understanding the mechanisms underlying horticultural quality enables multi-trait marker-assisted selection for improved, resilient, and regionally adapted B. oleracea germplasm. The publicly-available biparental double-haploid BolTBDH mapping population (Chinese kale × broccoli; N = 175) was evaluated for 25 horticultural traits in six trait classes (architecture, biomass, phenology, leaf morphology, floral morphology, and head quality) by multiple quantitative trait loci mapping using 1,881 genotype-by-sequencing derived single nucleotide polymorphisms. The physical locations of 56 single and 41 epistatic quantitative trait locus (QTL) were identified. Four head quality QTL (OQ_C03@57.0, OQ_C04@33.3, OQ_CC08@25.5, and OQ_C09@49.7) explain a cumulative 81.9% of phenotypic variance in the broccoli heading phenotype, contain the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) homologs Bo9g173400 and Bo9g173370, and exhibit epistatic effects. Three key genomic hotspots associated with pleiotropic control of the broccoli heading phenotype were identified. One phenology hotspot reduces days to flowering by 7.0 days and includes an additional FLC homolog Bo3g024250 that does not exhibit epistatic effects with the three horticultural quality hotspots. Strong candidates for other horticultural traits were identified: BoLMI1 (Bo3g002560) associated with serrated leaf margins and leaf apex shape, BoCCD4 (Bo3g158650) implicated in flower color, and BoAP2 (Bo1g004960) implicated in the hooked sepal horticultural trait. The BolTBDH population provides a framework for B. oleracea improvement by targeting key genomic loci contributing to high horticultural quality broccoli and enabling de novo mapping of currently unexplored traits.

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“…Our study showed that these 7 GmAP2 genes were expressed in flowers ( Figure 3 ) and were able to rescue the defective phenotype of ap2-6 mutant, but their over-expression did not produce excess floral organs ( Supplementary Figure S7 ), indicating that they retained partially conserved function in floral organ identity. Other studies showed that many AP2 orthologs in other species were also expressed in floral organs; and the mutation of AP2 orthologs led to the defective floral organ, and their over-expression produce excess floral organs; these AP2 orthologs generally rescue the defective phenotype of floral organ identity in the Arabidopsis ap2 mutant ( Keck et al, 2003 ; Nilsson et al, 2007 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Luo et al, 2012 ; Yan et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ). Therefore, the AP2 genes of different plant species, including these 7 GmAP2 genes, may share conserved roles in floral organ identity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factor Superfamily Genes in Soybean Seed Development

et al. 2020

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Glycine max is one of the most important grain and oil crops, and improvement of seed yield is one of the major objectives in soybean breeding. The AP2/ERF superfamily members are involved in regulating flower and seed development in many species, and therefore play key roles in seed yield. However, it is still unknown that how many AP2/ERF members were presented in the G. max genome and whether these AP2/ERF family members function in flower and seed development in G. max. Here, we identified 380 AP2/ERF superfamily genes in the G. max genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 323 members were grouped into the ERF family, and 49 into the AP2 family. Among the AP2 family, 14 members of the euAP2 lineage showed high identity with their orthologs, and eight member of the ANT lineage were expressed highly in the seeds. Furthermore, seven of them (GmAP2-1 to GmAP2-7) were successfully cloned and over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing these GmAP2 genes flowered earlier relative to the wild type control. The seed length and width, and seed area of these over-expression lines were increased compared with the wild type, and seed weight of over-expression lines of GmAP2-1, GmAP2-4, GmAP2-5, and GmAP2-6 were greater than those of the wild type. Furthermore, the seed number per silique of the over-expression lines for GmAP2 genes were not affected except GmAP2-5. Collectively, GmAP2-1, GmAP2-4, and GmAP2-6 played important roles in regulating seed weight by affecting seed length, width and area, and further controlling seed yield.

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Defective APETALA2 Genes Lead to Sepal Modification in Brassica Crops

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Transcriptomic analysis reveals ethylene signal transduction genes involved in pistil development of pumpkin

Transcriptomic analysis reveals ethylene signal transduction genes involved in pistil development of pumpkin

Complex Horticultural Quality Traits in Broccoli Are Illuminated by Evaluation of the Immortal BolTBDH Mapping Population

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factor Superfamily Genes in Soybean Seed Development

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