Defect types and non-destructive testing techniques for composites and bonded joints

Adams, RD; Cawley, P.

doi:10.1016/0950-0618(89)90011-1

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This mode of loading is very dangerous, because it promotes damages very difficult to detect [14,15] and, simultaneously, the residual properties of the composite materials are significantly affected [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of external patch configuration on repaired composite laminates subjected to multi-impacts

Coelho

Reis

Ferreira

et al. 2017

Composite Structures

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Please cite this article as: Santos, R.A.M., Reis, P.N.B., Santos, M.J., Coelho, C.A.C.P., Effect of distance between impact point and hole position on the impact fatigue strength of composite laminates, Composite Structures (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.compstruct.2017.02.045 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. In terms of multi-impacts, the damage severity is also very influenced by the distance. For small distances the damage progresses quickly, while three stages can be found for the control samples and for the distance of 20 mm. Effect of distance between impact

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of external patch configuration on repaired composite laminates subjected to multi-impacts

Coelho

Reis

Ferreira

et al. 2017

Composite Structures

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“…From Equation (28)s (1) t is linear in t, and from Equation (29)s (2) t is cubic in t, and so this second summation is a seventh order polynomial in t. Hence this allows σ B to be expressed in the following form…”

Section: An Approximation For the Maximum Eigenvalue Of The Toeplitz mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it is a cost-effective approach as components need only be replaced when a defect occurs within them. Some common NDE technologies include industrial radiography [2], electromagnetic testing [3], laser inspection [4], liquid penetrant testing and ultrasonic testing [5]. Ultrasonic testing is the most widely applicable of these techniques as it is comparatively inexpensive, portable and it can be used for sizing internal defects of various shapes and sizes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spectral method for sizing cracks using ultrasonic arrays

Cunningham¹,

Mulholland²,

Tant³

et al. 2017

Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering

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Ultrasonic phased array systems are becoming increasingly popular as tools for the inspection of safety-critical structures within the non-destructive evaluation industry. The data-sets captured by these arrays can be used to image the internal structure of individual components, allowing the location and nature of any defects to be deduced. Although there exist strict procedures for measuring defects via these imaging algorithms, sizing flaws which are smaller than two wavelengths in diameter can prove problematic and the choice of threshold at which the defect measurements are made can introduce an aspect of subjectivity. This paper puts forward a completely objective approach specific to cracks based on the Kirchhoff scattering model and the approximation of the resulting scattering matrices by Toeplitz matrices. A mathematical expression relating the crack size to the maximum eigenvalue of the associated scattering matrix is derived. Analysis of this approximation shows that the method will provide a unique crack size for a given maximum eigenvalue whilst providing a quick calculation method which avoids the need to numerically generate model scattering matrices (the computation time is up to 10 3 times faster). A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the method is most effective for sizing defects that are commensurate with or smaller than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave. The method is applied to simulated FMC data arising from finite element calculations where the crack length to wavelength ratios range between 0.6 and 1.9. The recovered objective crack size exhibits an error of 12%. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Attenuation of acoustic waves in composites depends on the thermal conductivity of fibers (glass or carbon), type of structure (sandwich or laminar), as well as material quality. The analysis of the corresponding physical phenomena is of a primary interest [6] because they decide about a proper choice of a NDE technique [7], especially if to take into account that the number of failure scenarios is vast [8]. The most expected failure modes have been studied in this work along with the corresponding experimental results.…”

Section: Inspection Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Efficiency of NDE Techniques Applied to Composite Materials in Aerospace Applications

Dragan

Świderski

2010

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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This work presents the modern approach to the detection of various types of defects in composite structures used in aerospace. In such structures, including glass reinforced plastics and carbon reinforced plastics, different failure modes could occur at a manufacturing stage and during service life. Defects are connected with inadequate technology, poor workmanship, cycling fatigue loads, impact damage and environmental conditions. The main types of defects are delaminations, disbonds, foreign object inclusions and porosity. To detect such defects, several non destructive evaluation techniques can be applied, merely to mention ultrasonic, low frequency acoustics, infrared thermography and shearography. The use of multimode non destructive evaluation techniques enables characterization of defects which cannot be detected by using single non destructive evaluation methods. This paper demonstrates the necessity of using non destructive evaluation methods for the implementation of quality control and maintenance procedures while servicing aerospace composite elements.

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Defect types and non-destructive testing techniques for composites and bonded joints

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of external patch configuration on repaired composite laminates subjected to multi-impacts

Effects of external patch configuration on repaired composite laminates subjected to multi-impacts

A spectral method for sizing cracks using ultrasonic arrays

Studying Efficiency of NDE Techniques Applied to Composite Materials in Aerospace Applications

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