Defect-Mediated Condensation of a Charge Density Wave

Weitering, Hanno H.; Carpinelli, Joseph M.; Melechko, Anatoli V.; Zhang, Jiandi; Bartkowiak, M.; Plummer, E. W.

doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2107

Cited by 111 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Condensation of CDW by disorder has been examined in Refs. [35,36,[44][45][46][47][48][49]. Pinning of the CDW bears some similarities to pinning of the vortex lattice in superconductors [50][51][52], and is discussed using the Fukuyama-Lee-Rice theory [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge density wave in layeredLa1−xCexSb2

et al. 2015

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The layered rare-earth diantimonides RSb 2 are anisotropic metals with generally low electronic densities whose properties can be modified by substituting the rare earth. LaSb 2 is a nonmagnetic metal with a low residual resistivity presenting a low-temperature magnetoresistance that does not saturate with the magnetic field. It has been proposed that the latter can be associated to a charge density wave (CDW), but no CDW has yet been found. Here we find a kink in the resistivity above room temperature in LaSb 2 (at 355 K) and show that the kink becomes much more pronounced with substitution of La by Ce along the La 1−x Ce x Sb 2 series. We find signatures of a CDW in x-ray scattering, specific heat, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments in particular for x ≈ 0.5. We observe a distortion of rare-earth-Sb bonds lying in-plane of the tetragonal crystal using x-ray scattering, an anomaly in the specific heat at the same temperature as the kink in resistivity and charge modulations in STM. We conclude that LaSb 2 has a CDW which is stabilized in the La 1−x Ce x Sb 2 series due to substitutional disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge density wave in layeredLa1−xCexSb2

et al. 2015

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“…15 The extrinsic CDW fluctuation due to defects was also shown for a 2D system of Sn/Ge͑111͒. 19 A recent photoemission study on 4 ϫ1-In also reported the formation of gaps for m 2 and m 3 . 20 This study, however, gave quantitatively as well as qualita- tively different information on the LT band structure, except for the existence of the band gaps themselves; ͑i͒ the whole band dispersions were shown to shift rigidly by 100-200 meV to high binding energy at LT, ͑ii͒ the leading edge shift associated with the gap opening were significantly bigger than the present ones, similar in size with the rigid shift, and ͑iii͒ the spectral shapes near Fermi energy at LT were ill defined with even certain structures above the leading edge.…”

Section: Rapid Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature of the broken-symmetry phase of the one-dimensional metallic In/Si(111) surface

et al. 2002

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The phase transition of a metallic In chain structure on Si(111) was investigated by high-resolution photoemission. Core-level spectra clearly elucidate that the symmetry breaking at low temperature occurs only within the inner parts of the In chains. In the valence bands, the transition is accompanied by the formation of pseudogaps of 80–150 meV and the band backfolding with only marginal changes of the band dispersion. No sign of Luttinger liquid behavior is observed in the spectral function near the Fermi level. This result is generally consistent with the idea of a fluctuating one-dimensional charge-density wave state but conflicting with the present structure model for the low-temperature phase

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“…Two bands have a filling of 0.56 and 0.51 each, slightly more than half filling. The third band has a filling of 0.27, in between one-quarter and one-third filling.In this Letter we present evidence for a defect mediated CDW transition [9] in Si(553)-Au accompanied by a metal-insulator transition. STM experiments reveal competing periodicities as a function of temperature which can be mapped onto the band structure of the high-symmetry phase.…”

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Competing Periodicities in Fractionally Filled One-Dimensional Bands

2006

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We present a variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of the Si(553)-Au atomic chain reconstruction. This quasi-one-dimensional system undergoes at least two charge density wave (CDW) transitions, which can be attributed to electronic instabilities in the fractionally filled 1D bands of the high-symmetry phase. Upon cooling, Si(553)-Au first undergoes a single-band Peierls distortion, resulting in period doubling along the chains. This Peierls state is ultimately overcome by a competing 3 CDW, which is accompanied by a 2 periodicity in between the chains. These locked-in periodicities indicate small charge transfer between the nearly 1=2-filled and 1=4-filled bands. The presence and the mobility of atomic-scale dislocations in the 3 CDW state indicates the possibility of manipulating phase solitons carrying a (spin, charge) of 1=2; e=3 or 0; 2e=3 . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.076801 PACS numbers: 73.20.At, 68.37.Ef, 71.10.Pm, 73.20.Mf According to the Mermin-Wagner theorem [1], thermodynamic fluctuations preclude the formation of a longrange ordered broken symmetry state in one dimension, except at T 0 K [2]. For all practical purposes, however, thermodynamic phase transitions may still be possible in finite size 1D systems. Furthermore, fluctuations are inevitably suppressed if the 1D chains are weakly coupled, or if the chains are coupled to a substrate [2,3]. Prototypical 1D metallic systems such as the transition metal trichalcogenides, organic charge transfer salts, blue bronzes, and probably all atomic Au-chain reconstructions on vicinal Si substrates exhibit symmetry breaking phase transitions at finite temperatures [4,5]. For a band filling of 1=n, the phase transition opens up a gap in the single particle excitation spectrum at wave vector k F =na, and the corresponding broken symmetry state adopts the new periodicity of =k F na, where a is the lattice parameter of the high-symmetry phase [4].Fractional band fillings other than half filling provide an interesting subset of 1D systems which often exhibit exotic physical phenomena. Depending on the relative magnitude of bandwidth and electron-electron interaction, charge density wave (CDW) states often compete with spin density waves, Mott insulating states, or a Luttinger liquid state. Atomic-scale STM observations of surface phase transitions provide important insights into the complexity of symmetry breaking phenomena in reduced dimensionality [6]. For instance, the recently reported 4 1-to-8 2 phase transition in quasi-1D indium chains on Si(111) [6] involves a gap opening in a complex triple band Peierls system, resulting in a doubling of the periodicity along the atom chains. Another recently discovered system with three fractionally filled bands is the Si(553)-Au surface. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) [7] revealed three metallic bands, but despite theoretical efforts to understand the electronic structure [7,8], the atomic structure and real space location of the surface state orbitals remain...

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Defect-Mediated Condensation of a Charge Density Wave

Cited by 111 publications

References 20 publications

Charge density wave in layeredLa1−xCexSb2

Charge density wave in layeredLa1−xCexSb2

Nature of the broken-symmetry phase of the one-dimensional metallic In/Si(111) surface

Competing Periodicities in Fractionally Filled One-Dimensional Bands

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