Defect ferromagnetism in SnO₂:Zn²⁺ hierarchical nanostructures: correlation between structural, electronic and magnetic properties

Abstract

We report on the ferromagnetism of Sn1−xZnxO2 (x ≤ 0.1) hierarchical nanostructures with various morphologies synthesized by a solvothermal route.

Defect ferromagnetism induced by lower valence cation doping: Li-doped SnO2 nanoparticles

“…We conclude that autoclave treatment at lower temperatures yields smaller average particle sizes of 3-12 nm, while additional annealing at 600 C instead produces a bulk sample with an average crystallite size of $130 nm. 15 We also veried the absence of magnetic contaminants in the nanoparticles by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, as shown in Fig. 3(c) and (d).…”

“…5(b) show a paramagnetic response for undoped SnO 2 , while for all three Li-doped samples, clear hysteresis loops point to ferromagnetic ordering along with a linear part at higher elds indicative of the coexistence of a paramagnetic contribution. 15 The saturation magnetization (0.0044 AE 0.0004 emu g À1 for x ¼ 0.02) is enhanced compared to the magnetization at 300 K. For the highest Li concentration (x ¼ 0.10), the M versus H curve indicates a mainly paramagnetic response, with a very small ferromagnetic moment. The inset in Fig.…”