Defect Chemistry on Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Abstract

Efficient and sustainable clean energy technology is an urgent need to solve energy crisis and alleviate environmental pollution. Reasonable design of electrode materials can effectively improve the performance of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. As an effective method to control the properties of electrode materials, defects have recently received extensive attention. Herein, in this review, we will systematically summarize the application of defect chemistry on electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Firstly, we mainly describe the research content of defect chemistry from three aspects, including defect construction, the dynamic evolution and regulation of defects. Based on those understanding, the applications of defect chemistry in fuel cells, metal‐ion batteries and carbon/nitrogen fixation are discussed, respectively. Finally, the existing challenges and future development prospects of defect chemistry are proposed. Overall, we hope this review could help readers to better understand and apply defect chemistry on electrode materials.

Electrochemical Detection of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers at a Pencil Graphite Based Electrode

“…Thus, the properties of new surfaces of GLY-HB and ASA-HB would also be affected by these vacancies and defects, thereby changing their electrochemical activities. 52 − 54 …”

“…It could be possible that, after modification, some active sites of GLY-HB were blocked, responsible for more background current while for ASA-HB, more active site are generates for easy electron transfer. 52 − 54 …”

Anode Materials for Rechargeable Aqueous Al‐Ion Batteries: Progress and Prospects

“…Recently, vacancy engineering has been considered another useful tool to modify structures and is widely used in energy storage system. [47] Koketsu et al have reported Al 3 + ions can reversibly insert into cation-deficient anatase TiO 2 in the non-aqueous battery. [48] The feasibility of employing Ti-deficient TiO 2 a node in an aqueous battery was evaluated by Wu's group.…”

Application of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

“…However, it is challenging to directly integrate renewable energies into the grid due to the inherent random and intermittent nature. Electrochemical energy storage techniques which can balance the intermittent production and smooth consumption are effective routes to fulfill the highly penetration of renewable energy sources [1–3] . Among them, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the most promising large‐scale energy storage technology ascribed to the decoupled energy capacity and power output, long lifetime, full charge and discharge capability, high safety and environmental‐friendly [4–9] .…”