Defeating Kyoto: The Conservative Movement's Impact on U.S. Climate Change Policy

McCright, Aaron M.; Dunlap, Riley E.

doi:10.1525/sp.2003.50.3.348

Cited by 694 publications

(488 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…While cross-national studies consistently reported higher concern about climate change among individuals with higher education (Kvaloy et al, 2012;Running, 2013;Tjernstrom and Tietenberg, 2008), in the United States there is evidence of an inverse relationship between education and perceived climate change risks, both for general education (O'Connor, Bard, & Fisher, 1999) and specific science literacy and numeracy (Kahan et al, 2012). Political orientation coupled with disinformation campaign and successful movement by conservative think tanks explain why concern about climate change can be negatively associated with education among American population (Hamilton, 2011;McCright and Dunlap, 2003). Nevertheless, none of these studies, with the exception of Meyer (2015) tackled the possible endogeneity of education like ours.…”

Section: Concern About Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Returns to Education: Does Schooling Contribute to Pro-Environmental Behaviours? Evidence from Thailand

Chankrajang

Muttarak

2017

Ecological Economics

156

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We investigate whether there are green returns to education, where formal education encourages pro-environmental behaviours using nationally representative surveys on environmental issues in Thailand. To establish the causal relationship between education and green behaviours, we exploit the instrumental variables strategy using the supply of state primary schooling i.e. the corresponding number of teachers per 1000 children, which varies over time and across regions as the instrument, while controlling for regional, cohort and income effects. We find that more years of schooling lead to a greater probability of taking knowledge-based environmentallyfriendly actions a great deal, but not cost-saving pro-environmental actions. In addition, the paper finds no significant impact of formal education on concern about global warming nor the willingness to pay for environmental tax.

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Section: Concern About Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Returns to Education: Does Schooling Contribute to Pro-Environmental Behaviours? Evidence from Thailand

Chankrajang

Muttarak

2017

Ecological Economics

156

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“…A vocal minority of researchers and other critics contest the conclusions of the mainstream scientific assessment, frequently citing large numbers of scientists whom they believe support their claims (6)(7)(8). This group, often termed climate change skeptics, contrarians, or deniers, has received large amounts of media attention and wields significant influence in the societal debate about climate change impacts and policy (7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We provide a broad assessment of the relative credibility of researchers convinced by the evidence (CE) of ACC and those unconvinced by the evidence (UE) of ACC. Our consideration of UE researchers differs from previous work on climate change skeptics and contrarians in that we primarily focus on researchers that have published extensively in the climate field, although we consider all skeptics/contrarians that have signed prominent statements concerning ACC (6)(7)(8). Such expert analysis can illuminate public and policy discussions about ACC and the extent of consensus in the expert scientific community.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expert credibility in climate change

Anderegg

Prall²,

Harold³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

631

347

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Although preliminary estimates from published literature and expert surveys suggest striking agreement among climate scientists on the tenets of anthropogenic climate change (ACC), the American public expresses substantial doubt about both the anthropogenic cause and the level of scientific agreement underpinning ACC. A broad analysis of the climate scientist community itself, the distribution of credibility of dissenting researchers relative to agreeing researchers, and the level of agreement among top climate experts has not been conducted and would inform future ACC discussions. Here, we use an extensive dataset of 1,372 climate researchers and their publication and citation data to show that (i) 97-98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field surveyed here support the tenets of ACC outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers.

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“…And Nike has attempted (unsuccessfully) to appropriate its critics' approach by building its own website to criticize the company for allegedly producing such a superior product (Greenberg and Knight 2004). Corporate opponents of global agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have employed similar strategies in order to prevent public mobilizations on environmental protection (McCright and Dunlap 2003). Thus, recent movement scholarship stresses the need to focus more attention on interactions between social movements and their opponents than has been the case in much research.…”

Section: Social Movements and Civil Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Approaches in the Sociology of Social Movements

Fetner

2009

Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research

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Sociological research emphasizes how social institutions, such as the family, religion, corporations, and governments influence people's choices about how they live.While acknowledging that individuals have some freedom to pursue different paths, sociologists argue that this freedom is limited in important ways by forces outside the control of individuals. Sociology, therefore, asks how these broader forces operate to affect the actions and beliefs of individuals and groups. As the editors have noted, sociological research on social movements can be classified as adopting either a structural or cultural emphasis. While the former focuses on the distribution of material resources and the organizations and institutions that govern such distribution, the latter approach emphasizes questions about how individuals and groups perceive and interpret these material conditions.In practice, distinguishing between actual material conditions and popular understandings of these can be difficult. For instance, categories of individuals such as gender, class, or ethnicity are structurally defined, but their sociological relevance grows not simply from their existence bur rather from the cultural work of individuals who help define group identities according to these structural categories. As Buechler observes, "[c]ollective identity and political consciousness are thus decisive factors mediating 2 structures of power and collective action " (2000:123). In other words, a group must somehow come to perceive itself as both distinct and subject to unjust material or social conditions. Such "collective identities" are far from automatic, because the "interlocking systems of domination" embedded in broader political and economic structures affect possibilities for social groups to articulate and mobilize around social movement identities. Thus, any attempt to understand social change requires attention to questions about how the resources and power needed to define and defend group interests are distributed within a society. Structural approaches recognize that inequalities are closely linked to macro-level factors such as a country's position in the world economy or to meso-level ones, such as class, race, and gender. Thus, any attempt to reduce inequalities in society must be mindful of how these broad structures are shaping broader power relations.A key starting point for much sociological work is the observation that virtually all societies experience inequality. The benefits and risks of society are nowhere near equally distributed, and therefore we would expect that particular clusterings of people would be more likely candidates for participation in social movements. In particular, more aggrieved groups might be expected to be engaged in protests against the status quo. Important debates have taken place among social movement scholars regarding the role of grievances in the generation of social movements. Early research in social movements saw political protest as emerging from groups that were relatively disadvantaged by the...

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Defeating Kyoto: The Conservative Movement's Impact on U.S. Climate Change Policy

Abstract: In this article, we argue that a major reason the United States failed to ratify the Kyoto Protocol to ame-Since the early 1980s a robust international consensus about the reality and seriousness of climate change has emerged, as evidenced by several comprehensive reports from the

Cited by 694 publications

References 38 publications

Green Returns to Education: Does Schooling Contribute to Pro-Environmental Behaviours? Evidence from Thailand

Green Returns to Education: Does Schooling Contribute to Pro-Environmental Behaviours? Evidence from Thailand

Expert credibility in climate change

Structural Approaches in the Sociology of Social Movements

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