Deer-Forest Habitat Relationships in North Arkansas

Halls, Lowell K.; Crawford, Hewlette S.

doi:10.2307/3796516

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Deer are thought to visually cue in on biotically pollinated plants due to their conspicuous flowers ( Wiegmann and Waller 2006 ), and since ungulate browse type classes are taxonomically clustered, we expected this trait to exhibit a strong phylogenetic signal. As we observe in this study, many other studies report increases in the relative abundances of the grass and sedge browse types following increases in deer density ( Halls and Crawford 1960 ; Kie et al 1980 ; Horsley et al 2003 ; Rooney et al 2004 ). We did not, however, find an increase in the relative abundance of the fern browse type in response to deer browsing, contrasting findings elsewhere in North America and New Zealand ( Royo and Carson 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

White-tailed deer are a biotic filter during community assembly, reducing species and phylogenetic diversity

et al. 2014

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Promotional Statement: White-tailed deer browsing has been implicated in the loss of species diversity from forests throughout eastern North America. We build on this previous research by examining how browsing also affects phylogenetic community structure. With this approach, we can better understand the role of deer browsing in the community assembly process. In browsed plots, we found that reductions in phylogenetic diversity were much greater than reductions in species richness or diversity. Species persisting in browsed communities were also closely-related. Our findings indicate deer browsing acts as a biotic filter during the community assembly process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

White-tailed deer are a biotic filter during community assembly, reducing species and phylogenetic diversity

et al. 2014

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“…Although animals may occasionally choose C. canadensis seed pods as a food source during summer and winter months when other food resources are scarce (Post, 1992; Short & Epps, 1976), this is less common scenario for seed dispersal (Dickson, 1990; Halls & Crawford, 1960; Wakeland & Swihart, 2009). Moreover, C. canadensis seed dispersal that is mostly animal‐dependent can become more limiting within isolated areas, further increasing half‐sibling mating and structuring among C. canadensis populations (Koprowski, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat fragmentation influences genetic diversity and differentiation: Fine‐scale population structure ofCercis canadensis(eastern redbud)

Ony

Nowicki

Boggess

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Forest fragmentation may negatively affect plants through reduced genetic diversity and increased population structure due to habitat isolation, decreased population size, and disturbance of pollen-seed dispersal mechanisms. However, in the case of tree species, effective pollen-seed dispersal, mating system, and ecological dynamics may help the species overcome the negative effect of forest fragmentation. A fine-scale population genetics study can shed light on the postfragmentation genetic diversity and structure of a species. Here, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of Cercis canadensis L. (eastern redbud) wild populations on a fine scale within fragmented areas centered around the borders of Georgia-Tennessee, USA. We hypothesized high genetic diversity among the collections of C. canadensis distributed across smaller geographical ranges. Fifteen microsatellite loci were used to genotype 172 individuals from 18 unmanaged and naturally occurring collection sites. Our results indicated presence of population structure, overall high genetic diversity (H E = 0.63, H O = 0.34), and moderate genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.14)among the collection sites. Two major genetic clusters within the smaller geographical distribution were revealed by STRUCTURE. Our data suggest that native C. canadensis populations in the fragmented area around the Georgia-Tennessee border were able to maintain high levels of genetic diversity, despite the presence of considerable spatial genetic structure. As habitat isolation may negatively affect gene flow of outcrossing species across time, consequences of habitat fragmentation should be regularly monitored for this and other forest species. This study also has important implications for habitat management efforts and future breeding programs. K E Y W O R D S Cercis canadensis, fine-scale population structure, genetic diversity, habitat fragmentation, redbud S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Ony MA, Nowicki M, Boggess SL, et al. Habitat fragmentation influences genetic diversity and differentiation: Fine-scale population structure of Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud).

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“…Marshall et al (1955) suggest that frequency of browsing is probably more important than its intensity in determining stem density. Another common effect of deer on woody plant morphology is a "browse line" below which deer have removed stems and twigs of trees (Adams, 1949;Aldous, 1952;Marshall et al, 1955;Neils et al, 1956;Halls and Crawford, 1960;Trumbull et al, 1989). Studies rarely have addressed the effects of deer herbivory on plants' belowground morphology or relative allocation to aboveground vs. belowground structures.…”

Section: Evidence Of Deer Effects Upon Individual Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike trees, herbs do not escape deer herbviory by growing above the browse line. Moreover, during spring and summer forbs often form a significant portion of deer diets (Dunkeson, 1955;Halls and Crawford, 1960;Kohn and Mooty, 1971;Crawford, 1982;Irwin, 1985;McCullough, 1985;Case and Mc-Cullough, 1987). The hypothesis that deer have large effects on survival of herbs is difficult to evaluate at this time because of a lack of studies that have repeatedly censused individual plants.…”

Section: Evidence Of Deer Effects Upon Individual Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Plants, Plant Populations and Communities: A Review

Russell

Zippin

Fowler

2001

The American Midland Naturalist

394

342

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Large effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) upon individual plants, plant populations and communities have been documented in a number of studies. However, well-supported experimental measures of the magnitude and geographical extent of these effects are still surprisingly scarce. Deer-caused changes in stem morphology and reductions in plant growth rates are well-documented in some parts of the North America. Furthermore, deer have been shown to affect the composition of several plant communities in the north-central and northeastern United States. There are some documented cases of deer-caused reductions in plant survival; most of these are tree seedlings and saplings. However , many studies have detected no effects on plant survival or fecundity, or have found that negative effects occur only in a fraction of years, seasons, sites or deer densities. Little is known about population-level or ecosystem-level impacts. Many regions and plant communities with large deer populations have not been studied. Whereas deer density is clearly important in determining spatial and temporal variation in the presence and magnitude of deer effects, other factors that may modify the effects of deer density are poorly understood.

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Deer-Forest Habitat Relationships in North Arkansas

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

White-tailed deer are a biotic filter during community assembly, reducing species and phylogenetic diversity

White-tailed deer are a biotic filter during community assembly, reducing species and phylogenetic diversity

Habitat fragmentation influences genetic diversity and differentiation: Fine‐scale population structure ofCercis canadensis(eastern redbud)

Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Plants, Plant Populations and Communities: A Review

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