Deer and invasive plant removal alters mycorrhizal fungal communities and soil chemistry: Evidence from a long-term field experiment

Burke, David; Carrino‐Kyker, Sarah R.; Hoke, Adam; Cassidy, Steven T.; Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia; Kalisz, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.09.031

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Specifically, we found no apparent differences in soil nutrient availability after 14-years of Alliaria removal. These results are similar to previous studies, which found little evidence of recovery in abiotic soil properties following Alliaria removal 38,39 . Unlike abiotic soil resources, we find lower AM fungal abundance in the roots of Arisaema and higher soil fungal diversity in the Alliaria ambient treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…To examine the effects of Alliaria on abiotic soil resources and AM fungal community composition, two subplots within each paired plot were sampled in June 2018 following Burke, et al 39 . To obtain a sufficient amount of soil (50 g wet weight), five to ten soil cores in each subplot were separated into organic and mineral horizons and pooled separately for a total of 20 soil samples (2 Alliaria treatments x 2 soil horizons x 5 plots).…”

Section: Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain a sufficient amount of soil (50 g wet weight), five to ten soil cores in each subplot were separated into organic and mineral horizons and pooled separately for a total of 20 soil samples (2 Alliaria treatments x 2 soil horizons x 5 plots). The depth of each soil layer per soil core was recorded and the cores were separated into the organic and mineral layers following Burke, et al 39 .…”

Section: Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasion-induced root-fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies

Bialic‐Murphy

Smith

Voothuluru

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Despite widespread evidence that biological invasion influences the biotic and abiotic soil environments, the extent to which each of these pathways underpins the effects of invasion on native plant traits and performance is unknown. Leveraging a long-term (14-yr) manipulative field experiment, we show that an allelochemical-producing invader, Alliaria petiolata, affects native plants through biotic mechanisms, altering the soil fungal community composition, with no apparent shifts in soil nutrient availability. These changes in belowground soil fungal communities resulted in a high cost of resource uptake for native forest perennial herbs and a shift in functional traits linked to their carbon and nutrient economies. Furthermore, we illustrate that some species in the invaded community compensate for high nutrient costs by reducing nutrient uptake and maintaining photosynthesis by expending more water. This demonstrates a trade-off in trait investment that increases nutrient use efficiency as nutrient costs increase. Our results show that invasion-induced disruptions in the soil fungal community belowground can cascade to affect aboveground plant communities via shifts in physiological traits needed to maintain plant water and nutrient economies. These complex above-belowground linkages suggest that plant invasions should be evaluated at the system-level to fully understand and predict their impact on native plants and communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasion-induced root-fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies

Bialic‐Murphy

Smith

Voothuluru

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Trillium is a perennial native herb common in eastern North America temperate forests that is targeted by foraging deer and is highly reliant on RFS for water and nutrient uptake from the soil (Brundrett & Kendrick, ). In a previous study, we found that the removal of garlic mustard and the exclusion of deer influenced multiple below‐ground processes at our study site, including increased soil carbon and altered community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Burke et al, ). Here, we extend this line of inquiry to examine the effects of overabundant deer and the allelopathic invader, garlic mustard, on above‐ground metric, native plant dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Previously, we found garlic mustard removal and deer exclusion had downstream impacts on multiple below‐ground processes. Most notably, invasion of garlic mustard decreased the soil C:N ratio and overabundant deer altered the community structure of AMF (Burke et al, ). Removal of garlic mustard also reduced soil resources and AM fungal hyphal density (Hale et al, , ; Rodgers et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct effects of a non‐native invader erode native plant fitness in the forest understory

Bialic‐Murphy

Brouwer²,

Kalisz

2019

Journal of Ecology

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The direct role of non‐native plant invaders in driving negative population‐ and community‐level processes of native species has been recently questioned. Addressing this controversy requires determining quantitatively if invaders negatively affect native population fitness. Because the invasion of non‐natives often coincides with other anthropogenic stressors, experiments that partition the putative impact of non‐natives from other known stressors and assess their potential synergies are required. While many studies have examined the effects of non‐natives on components of native plant performance, studies that decompose the net fitness effects of non‐natives from other anthropogenic stressors on population growth rate are lacking. We used 6 years of detailed demographic data to parameterize a size‐dependent integral projection model to examine the individual and combined effects of an allelochemical‐producing invader (Alliaria petiolata) and an overabundant ungulate herbivore (Odocoileus virginianus) on the population dynamics of an understory perennial (Trillium erectum). We show that Alliaria consistently and negatively affects the population dynamics of Trillium. Specifically, this invader reduces native population growth rate and alters the size distribution of the population at equilibrium. Alliaria also works in concert with the known negative impacts of overabundant white‐tailed deer, illustrating the additive effects of anthropogenic stressors on native plant dynamics. Synthesis. Alliaria's effects on vital rates differed in magnitude and sign across the native's life cycle, highlighting the importance of detailed demographic analyses. Our study provides novel empirical support for the claim that non‐native invasive species can significantly and directly reduce the fitness of native plants.

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Soil microbial communities are not altered by garlic mustard in recently invaded central Illinois forests

2022

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The invasive forest plant garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) has been shown to alter soil microbial communities in the northeastern part of its invaded range in the United States, and this disruption of soil communities may contribute to its invasion success. However, garlic mustard allelochemistry can vary with invasion age, and it is not clear whether garlic mustard's impacts on soil microbes are consistent over its invaded range. Here, we compare the composition and diversity of soil fungal, bacterial, and archaeal communities among garlic mustard present, absent, and removed treatments in replicated blocks across five forests in the midwestern United States with relatively young garlic mustard invasions (approximately 17-26 years old, with consistent management). We collected samples in May and August, corresponding to garlic mustard active and senescent life history stages. While soil fungal and bacterial/ archaeal communities (based on ITS2 region and 16S rRNA gene DNA sequencing, respectively) differed significantly between different blocks/forests and over time, we found no significant effect of garlic mustard treatment on soil microbial community composition or the relative abundance of mycorrhizal, saprotrophic, or pathogenic fungal guilds. The lack of garlic mustard impacts on the soil microbial community in recently invaded central Illinois forests suggests that these well-documented impacts in the northeastern United States and in older invasions cannot necessarily be generalized across all environmental contexts.

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Deer and invasive plant removal alters mycorrhizal fungal communities and soil chemistry: Evidence from a long-term field experiment

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

Invasion-induced root-fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies

Invasion-induced root-fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies

Direct effects of a non‐native invader erode native plant fitness in the forest understory

Soil microbial communities are not altered by garlic mustard in recently invaded central Illinois forests

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