Deep Ultraviolet Standoff Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Trace Explosives

Zrimsek, Alyssa B.; Bykov, Sergei V.; Asher, Sanford A.

doi:10.1177/0003702818792289

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sensitivities of 5 and 10 µg/cm 2 of the hazardous chemicals, such as acetic acid, PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), and DPA (dipicolinic acid), are achieved with frequencies of 25 and 42 kHz, respectively, at a distance of 0.5 m. The technique has great potential for screening of suspicious objects for security check and forensic applications. Noting that many explosives have strong absorption at deep ultraviolet (UV) band [148], Alyssa B. Zrimsek et al have demonstrated deep UV PAS of trace explosives using a sensitive microphone at meter standoff distances [149]. Different from most studies using QCLs as laser sources, they directly detect 10 µg/cm 2 of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium nitrate (AN) by using a 213 nm laser with 1 s accumulations from a 3 m standoff distance.…”

Section: Standoff Lpas With Microphonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noting that many explosives have strong absorption at deep ultraviolet (UV) band [148], Alyssa B. Zrimsek et al have demonstrated deep UV PAS of trace explosives using a sensitive microphone at meter standoff distances [149]. Different from most studies using QCLs as laser sources, they directly detect 10 µg/cm 2 of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium nitrate (AN) by using a 213 nm laser with 1 s accumulations from a 3 m standoff distance.…”

Section: Standoff Lpas With Microphonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Remote chemical detection in the atmosphere or some specific space has always been of great interest in many applications for environmental protection and safety. Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is a highly desirable technology, benefiting from high measurement sensitivity, improved spectral selectivity or resolution, fast response and capability of good spatial resolution, multi-species and standoff detection with a non-cooperative target. Numerous LAS-based standoff detection techniques have seen rapid development recently and are reviewed herein, including differential absorption LiDAR, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, dual comb spectroscopy, laser heterodyne radiometry and active coherent laser absorption spectroscopy. An update of the current status of these various methods is presented, covering their principles, system compositions, features, developments and applications for standoff chemical detection over the last decade. In addition, a performance comparison together with the challenges and opportunities analysis is presented that describes the broad LAS-based techniques within the framework of remote sensing research and their directions of development for meeting potential practical use.

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Section: Standoff Lpas With Microphonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standoff Lpas With Microphonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…[15] Tunable laser repetition rates are desirable for many spectral techniques such as standoff photoacoustic spectroscopy. [28] Our second-generation 228-nm laser was miniaturized and optimized to achieve maximum output powers.…”

Section: -Nm Laser Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 15 ] Tunable laser repetition rates are desirable for many spectral techniques such as standoff photoacoustic spectroscopy. [ 28 ]…”

Section: Development Of New 228‐nm Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

228‐nm quadrupled quasi‐three‐level Nd:GdVO₄ laser for ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives and biological molecules

Bykov

Roppel

Mao

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

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We describe a new compact diode-pumped solid-state frequency quadrupled quasi-three-level neodymium-doped gadolinium vanadate (Nd:GdVO 4) laser that generates $50 mW of 228-nm quasi-continuous wave light as ns pulses at a tunable kilohertz repetition rate. We developed two generations of this laser. The first generation has a high duty cycle and a tunable repetition rate. The second generation is optimized for maximum output power. We utilize these new lasers to measure ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra of many important chromophores that absorb in deep ultraviolet (UV). We demonstrate the utility of this excitation by measuring the 228-nm absolute differential Raman cross sections of explosives, peptides, aromatic amino acids, and DNA/RNA nucleotides. Deep UV excitation at 228 nm occurs within the π ! π* electronic transitions of these molecules. The 228-nm resonance excitation enhances the Raman intensities of vibrations of NO x groups, peptide bonds, aromatic amino acid side chains, and DNA/RNA nucleotides. The measured 228-nm UVRR cross sections of these molecules are 10 3-10 4 fold greater than those excited in the visible spectral region. These new lasers should be of great interest for UVRR spectroscopy and for other applications that benefit from compact, high average power deep UV laser light sources with low peak powers.

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“…The photoacoustic methodology, in general, using mid-IR wavelength and microphone detector has been discussed by many researchers [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Zrimsek et al have demonstrated standoff photoacoustic spectroscopy of trace explosives from a meter distance using a sensitive microphone and 213 nm laser 17 . In their research, they found that the formation of gaseous species due to the photochemistry of explosives enhances the photoacoustic signal strength but at the same time reduces the lifetime of the signal in case of detection in trace quantity of analytes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff pump-probe photothermal detection of hazardous chemicals

Sharma

Kumar

Parmar

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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A novel pump-probe Photothermal methodology using Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) detector has been demonstrated for the first time. A tunable mid-IR Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) and a CW fixed wavelength visible laser have been used as the pump and probe beam respectively. The developed Photothermal (PT) technique is based on Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) detector for the detection of hazardous/explosive molecules adsorbed on plastic surface and also in aerosols form. PT spectra of various trace molecules in the fingerprinting mid- infrared spectral band 7–9 µm from distance of 25 m have been recorded. The PT spectra of explosives RDX, TNT and Acetone have been recorded at very low quantities. Acetone is the precursor of explosive Tri-Acetone Tri-Phosphate (TATP). The experimentations using pump and probe lasers, exhibit detection sensitivity of less than 5 μg/cm2 for RDX, TNT powders and of ~ 200 nl quantity for Nitrobenzene (NB) and Acetone (in liquid form) adsorbed on surfaces, from a distance of ~ 25 m. The sensitivity of the same order achieved from a distance of 15 m by using only a mid-IR tunable pump laser coupled to QTF detector. Thus the pump-probe PT technique is more sensitive in comparison to single tunable QCL pump beam technique and it is better suited for standoff detection of hazardous chemicals for homeland security as well as for forensic applications.

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Deep Ultraviolet Standoff Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Trace Explosives

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

228‐nm quadrupled quasi‐three‐level Nd:GdVO₄ laser for ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives and biological molecules

Standoff pump-probe photothermal detection of hazardous chemicals

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Deep Ultraviolet Standoff Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Trace Explosives

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

228‐nm quadrupled quasi‐three‐level Nd:GdVO4 laser for ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives and biological molecules

Standoff pump-probe photothermal detection of hazardous chemicals

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Product

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228‐nm quadrupled quasi‐three‐level Nd:GdVO₄ laser for ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives and biological molecules