Deep Transfer Learning of Satellite Imagery for Land Use and Land Cover Classification

Abstract

Deep learning has been instrumental in solving difficult problems by automatically learning, from sample data, the rules (algorithms) that map an input to its respective output. Purpose: Perform land use landcover (LULC) classification using the training data of satellite imagery for Moscow region and compare the accuracy attained from different models. Methods: The accuracy attained for LULC classification using deep learning algorithm and satellite imagery data is dependent on both the model and the training dataset used. We have used state-of-the-art deep learning models and transfer learning, together with dataset appropriate for the models. Different methods were applied to fine tuning the models with different parameters and preparing the right dataset for training, including using data augmentation. Results: Four models of deep learning from Residual Network (ResNet) and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) namely: ResNet50, ResNet152, VGG16 and VGG19 has been used with transfer learning. Further training of the models is performed with training data collected from Sentinel-2 for the Moscow region and it is found that ResNet50 has given the highest accuracy for LULC classification for this region. Practical relevance: We have developed code that train the 4 models and make classification of the input image patches into one of the 10 classes (Annual Crop, Forest, Herbaceous Vegetation, Highway, Industrial, Pasture, Permanent Crop, Residential, River, and Sea&Lake).

Generation and Classification of Land Use and Land Cover Datasets in the Indian States: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models

“…(Das et al, 2022). Generally, ResNet50 is considered superior to VGG16 in terms of accuracy, but VGG16's simpler architecture and easier implementation make it a better choice with a smaller or medium-sized dataset (Pallavi et al, 2022;Yifter et al, 2022). While DL models require larger datasets to avoid over tting, simpler ML models can perform well with smaller datasets due to their generalization ability with lesser parameters.…”