Deep source CO2 in natural waters and its role in extensive tufa deposition in the Huanglong Ravines, Sichuan, China

Yoshimura, Kazuhisa; Liu, Zaihua; Cao, Jifu; Yuan, Daoxin; Inokura, Youji; Noto, Masami

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.004

Cited by 68 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…δ 13 C data, when reported, was included in the database (Supplement information) because it can be used to determine the source of CO 2 , degassing processes and to identify the influence of redox processes. Some studies reported water chemistry data from hot or cold springs where CO 2 from deep sources and hydrothermal processes is likely (Chiodini et al, 1999;Herman and Lorah, 1987;Kohfahl et al, 2008;Yoshimura et al, 2004;Yoshimura et al, 2001). In this case, the pCO 2 in the soil-rock system is not representative of the soil CO 2 produced by the ecosystems.…”

Section: Spring Water Chemistry and Data Filteringmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ecosystem controlled soil-rock pCO2 and carbonate weathering – Constraints by temperature and soil water content

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C TCarbonate dissolution in soil-groundwater systems depends dominantly on pH, temperature and the saturation state of the solution with respect to abundant minerals. The pH of the solution is, in general, controlled by partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) produced by ecosystem respiration, which is controlled by temperature and water availability. In order to better understand the control of land temperature on carbonate weathering, a database of published spring water hydrogeochemistry was built and analysed. Assuming that spring water is in equilibrium with the soil-water-rock-atmosphere, the soil pCO 2 can be back-calculated. Based on a database of spring water chemistry, the average soil-rock CO 2 was calculated by an inverse model framework and a strong relationship with temperature was observed. The identified relationship suggests a temperature control on carbonate weathering as a result of variations in soil-rock pCO 2 , which is itself controlled by ecosystem respiration processes. The findings are relevant for global scale analysis of carbonate weathering and carbon fluxes to the ocean, because concentration of weathering products from the soil-rock-system into the river system in humid, high temperature regions, are suggested to be larger than in low temperature regions. Furthermore, results suggest that, in specific spring samples, the hydrochemical evolution of rain water percolating through the soilrock complex can best be described by an open system with pCO 2 controlled by the ecosystem. Abundance of evaporites and pyrite sources influence significantly the chemistry of spring water and corrections must be taken into account in order to implement the inverse model framework presented in this study. Annual surface temperature and soil water content were identified as suitable variables to develop the parameterization of soil-rock pCO 2 , mechanistically consistent with soil respiration rate findings.

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Section: Spring Water Chemistry and Data Filteringmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Spring samples with high δ 13 C and alkalinity may be the result of the dissolution of calcite under the influence of CO 2 from deep sources, or reaction of calcite with strong acids (Li et al, 2008;Yoshimura et al, 2004;Yoshimura et al, 2001), as implied by a generally lower pH values in Fig. 4b.…”

Section: Stable Carbon Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem controlled soil-rock pCO2 and carbonate weathering – Constraints by temperature and soil water content

et al. 2019

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“…Positive 8 1 3 C values have been reported in travertine deposits from thermal systems in Andean lake basin (Valero-Garces et al, 2001) and in hot-spring car bonates from many different locations (Minissale, 2004;Yoshimura et al, 2004;Pentecost, 2005;Rainey and jones, 2009;Kele et al, 2011). The positive carbon isotopic signature seems to be characteris tics of hot-springs of hydrothermal origin, or thermogene tufa or travertine Uones and Renaut, 2010;Pentecost, 2005), suggesting an endogenous origin for the CO2 of the waters of the Azuaje travertine.…”

Section: Stable Isotopes and Source Of Co2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Azuaje travertine: an example of aragonite deposition in a recent volcanic setting, N Gran Canaria Island, Spain

Rodríguez‐Berriguete

Alonso-Zarza

Cabrera

et al. 2012

Sedimentary Geology

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“…The aqueous Ca 2+ concentration and SIc are good indicators of tufa deposition. Tufa deposition occurs mainly in water with a Ca 2+ concentration that exceeds 80 mg·L −1 [2], and with an SIc value that exceeds 0.80 [43,44]. Ca 2+ concentrations in Jiuzhaigou ranged from 34.07 mg·L −1 to 68.30 mg·L −1 , and the SIc values exceeded zero (0.52-0.91); however, the annual mean values were less than 0.80 at the studied sites except for SPS2 (0.83) (Figure 5), which does not favor tufa deposition.…”

Section: Tufa Deposition and Hydrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Tufa Degradation in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Liu

2017

Water

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Water and tufa samples were collected from Arrow Bamboo Lake, the stream from Panda Lake to Five-Color Lake, Pearl Shoal and Shuzheng Lakes in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China, between October 2013 and September 2014, to investigate tufa growth rate and water environment (water temperature, pH, electric conductivity, major ions and nutrients), and analyzed to explore the main causes of tufa degradation. The mean annual rate of tufa growth was low and varied within lakes, with the maximum deposit thickness of 332 µm/y. The calcite saturation index ranged from 0.65 to 0.83. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the tufa deposits had non-isopachous structures, and diatoms were the dominant microorganisms that participated in tufa deposition. Porous and crystalline structures of deposits were linked with a high tufa growth and small amounts of diatoms. Conversely, tufa deposits with amorphous and loose structures showed a low crystal growth rate and a high number of diatoms. A one-way analysis of variance and a least significant difference test were applied to identify site differences in water chemistry. Linear correlations indicated that nitrate, phosphate and sulfate inhibit tufa growth (p < 0.05). Increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations that originate mainly from atmospheric pollution and tourist activities at scenic attractions could trigger excessive diatom growth, which inhibits tufa precipitation. A series of measures should be implemented (e.g., the visitor number and vehicles should be regulated and controlled) to minimize tufa degradation in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve.

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Deep source CO2 in natural waters and its role in extensive tufa deposition in the Huanglong Ravines, Sichuan, China

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

Ecosystem controlled soil-rock pCO2 and carbonate weathering – Constraints by temperature and soil water content

Ecosystem controlled soil-rock pCO2 and carbonate weathering – Constraints by temperature and soil water content

The Azuaje travertine: an example of aragonite deposition in a recent volcanic setting, N Gran Canaria Island, Spain

Factors Affecting Tufa Degradation in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

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