Deep soil exploration vs. topsoil exploitation: distinctive rooting strategies between wheat landraces and wild relatives

Nakhforoosh, Alireza; Nagel, Kerstin; Fiorani, Fabio; Bodner, Gernot

doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04794-9

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Maize is the most important and major crop to support life, but the yield is strongly threatened by drought stress [29]. The drought tolerance has been introduced by plant breeders using many approaches, including molecular breeding systems [30], transgenes, marker assisted selection, genome editing and multi-parent advanced generation intercross [31]. All these approaches have focussed to enhance the yield and increase the drought stress in maize until harvesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification for surrogate drought tolerance in maize inbred lines utilizing high-throughput phenomics approach

Dar

Khan

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Screening for drought tolerance requires precise techniques like phonemics, which is an emerging science aimed at non-destructive methods allowing large-scale screening of genotypes. Large-scale screening complements genomic efforts to identify genes relevant for crop improvement. Thirty maize inbred lines from various sources (exotic and indigenous) maintained at Dryland Agriculture Research Station were used in the current study. In the automated plant transport and imaging systems (LemnaTec Scanalyzer system for large plants), top and side view images were taken of the VIS (visible) and NIR (near infrared) range of the light spectrum to capture phenes. All images were obtained with a thermal imager. All sensors were used to collect images one day after shifting the pots from the greenhouse for 11 days. Image processing was done using pre-processing, segmentation and flowered by features’ extraction. Different surrogate traits such as pixel area, plant aspect ratio, convex hull ratio and calliper length were estimated. A strong association was found between canopy temperature and above ground biomass under stress conditions. Promising lines in different surrogates will be utilized in breeding programmes to develop mapping populations for traits of interest related to drought resilience, in terms of improved tissue water status and mapping of genes/QTLs for drought traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification for surrogate drought tolerance in maize inbred lines utilizing high-throughput phenomics approach

Dar

Khan

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…They also report that in spite of differences in length, root diameter was not altered by dwarfing genes and hypothesized a direct effect of dwarfing alleles on root growth during seedling establishment, rather than a secondary partitioning effect. Root systems of high length or length density have been identified as successful in limiting drought damage to yield, but there is no consensus as to whether root length in surface [7] or deep [5] layers is more desirable, and this is also linked to weather and water supply patterns [11,48]. Root mass seems more correlated with nutrient uptake than with water relations [49].…”

Section: Shoot and Root Growth And Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Morphology, Allometric Relations and Rhizosheath of Ancient and Modern Tetraploid Wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) in Response to Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22

Bochicchio

Labella

Vitti

et al. 2022

Plants

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Early root traits and allometrics of wheat are important for competition and use of resources. They are under-utilized in research and un-explored in many ancient wheats. This is especially true for the rhizosheath emerging from root-soil interactions. We investigated root morphology, root/shoot relations and the amount of rhizosheath of four tetrapoid wheat seedlings (30 days after emergence): the italian landrace Saragolle Lucana and modern varieties Creso, Simeto and Ciclope, and tested the hypothesis that inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (T-22) enhances rhizosheath formation and affects wheat varieties differently. Overall growth of non-inoculated plants showed different patterns in wheat varieties, with Saragolle and Ciclope at the two extremes: Saragolle invests in shoot rather than root mass, and in the occupation of space with highest (p < 0.05) shoot height to the uppermost internode (5.02 cm) and length-to-mass shoot (97.8 cm g−1) and root (more than 140 m g−1) ratios. This may be interpreted as maximizing competition for light but also as a compensation for low shoot efficiency due to the lowest (p < 0.05) recorded values of optically-measured chlorophyll content index (22.8). Ciclope invests in biomass with highest shoot (0.06 g) and root (0.04 g) mass and a thicker root system (average diameter 0.34 mm vs. 0.29 in Saragolle) as well as a highest root/shoot ratio (0.95 g g−1 vs. 0.54 in Saragolle). Rhizosheath mass ranged between 22.14 times that of shoot mass in Ciclope and 43.40 in Saragolle (different for p < 0.05). Inoculation with Trichoderma increased the amount of rhizosheath from 9.4% in Ciclope to 36.1% in Simeto and modified root architecture in this variety more than in others. Ours are the first data on roots and seedling shoot traits of Saragolle Lucana and of Trichoderma inoculation effects on rhizosheath. This opens to new unreported interpretations of effects of Trichoderma inoculation on improving plant growth.

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“…Maximum root depth was associated with improved water extraction and had higher heritability than other root traits 43‐45 . Reducing the root system of topsoil helped alleviate root competition between plants and enhanced population productivity 46 . Higher root biomass distribution and higher RLD in the subsoil layers are considered to be the potential traits of wheat to adapt to water stress, increasing the extraction of water from the subsoil profile for grain filling and increasing grain yield, 22 especially under terminal drought stress 47,48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[43][44][45] Reducing the root system of topsoil helped alleviate root competition between plants and enhanced population productivity. 46 Higher root biomass distribution and higher RLD in the subsoil layers are considered to be the potential traits of wheat to adapt to water stress, increasing the extraction of water from the subsoil profile for grain filling and increasing grain yield, 22 especially under terminal drought stress. 47,48 A possible explanation for the increase in leaf area of modern hexaploid genotypes relies on the plant-water relation mechanism.…”

Section: Root Biomass Reduction In Modern Dryland Wheat Optimized Can...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom‐up redistribution of biomass optimizes energy allocation, water use and yield formation in dryland wheat improvement

Guo

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Modern wheat cultivars have been developed having distinct advantages in many aspects under drought stress, such as plasticity in biomass allocation and root system architecture. A better understanding of the biomass allocation mechanisms that enable modern wheat to achieve higher yields and yield‐based water use efficiency (WUEg) is essential for implementing best management strategies and identifying phenotypic traits for cultivar improvement. We systematically investigated the biomass allocation, morphological and physiological characteristics of three ploidy wheat genotypes under 80% and 50% field water‐holding capacity (FC) conditions. Some crucial traits were also assessed in a complementary field experiment. RESULTS The diploid and tetraploid genotypes were found to allocate more biomass to the root system, especially roots in the topsoil under drought stress. Our data illustrated that lower WUEg and yield of these old genotypes were due to excessive investment in the root system, which was associated with severely restricted canopy development. Modern hexaploid genotypes were found to allocate smaller biomass to roots and larger biomass to shoots. This not only ensured the necessary water uptake, but also allowed the plant to distribute more assimilates and limited water to the shoots. Therefore, the hexaploid genotypes have evolved a stable plant canopy structure to optimize WUEg and grain yield. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the biomass shift from below ground to above ground or a more balanced root:shoot ratio tended to optimize water use and yield of the modern cultivars. This discovery provides potential guidance for future dryland wheat breeding and sustainable management strategies. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.

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Deep soil exploration vs. topsoil exploitation: distinctive rooting strategies between wheat landraces and wild relatives

Cited by 32 publications

References 99 publications

Identification for surrogate drought tolerance in maize inbred lines utilizing high-throughput phenomics approach

Identification for surrogate drought tolerance in maize inbred lines utilizing high-throughput phenomics approach

Root Morphology, Allometric Relations and Rhizosheath of Ancient and Modern Tetraploid Wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) in Response to Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22

Bottom‐up redistribution of biomass optimizes energy allocation, water use and yield formation in dryland wheat improvement

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