Deep Seismic Reflection and Refraction Profiling

Abstract

DefinitionDeep Seismic Reflection and Refraction Profiling Classically, multichannel recording, along a measurement line, of (mostly) seismic P-waves, artificially generated using large energy sources, after these have traveled deep thru the earth's crust (and upper mantle). Later developments include multicomponent recording enabling analysis of shear waves. Deep reflection profiling is mostly done using vibrators (on land) or air guns (in water) at near-vertical distances (8-12 km) to image the structure of the crust and upper mantle. Wide-angle reflection/refraction profiling uses large explosions and recording distances (200-300 km), primarily to obtain velocity information down to the upper mantle. Synonyms ▶ Active source seismology; ▶ Controlled source seismology; ▶ Deep seismic sounding; ▶ Explosion seismology; ▶ Wide-angle reflection/refraction profiling Notational NotesBelow, all capitals (e.g., DSRRP) will be used for acronyms and italicized phrases within double quotes (e.g., "Seismic Noise") will refer to articles elsewhere in this volume.