Deep-sea surface-dwelling enteropneusts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Their ecology, distribution and mode of life

Jones, Daniel O. B.; Alt, Claudia H. S.; Priede, Imants George; Reid, William D.; Wigham, Benjamin D.; Billett, David; Gebruk, Andrey; Rogacheva, Antonina; Gooday, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.009

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…With increased use of ROVs, enteropneusts have been recorded in different deep ocean basins (Priede et al, 2012). Deep-sea enteropneusts are still poorly known, however their function in benthic ecosystems can be important, especially in organic matter processing and surficial bioturbation (Jones et al, 2013). Deep-water enteropneusts feed on the sediment surface, collecting detritus from the substrate, apparently with little or no selectivity as they crawl forward leaving behind a faecal trail of undigestible presumably mineralised material (Holland et al, 2009).…”

Section: Soft Sediment Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deep-water enteropneusts feed on the sediment surface, collecting detritus from the substrate, apparently with little or no selectivity as they crawl forward leaving behind a faecal trail of undigestible presumably mineralised material (Holland et al, 2009). Some species have demonstrated the ability to use near-bottom currents to move between feeding grounds in a controlled manner through changes in body posture (Osborn et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2013). Estimation of the area of their traces in the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at around 2,500 m depth revealed that enteropneusts contribute significantly to the surficial deposit feeding (Jones et al, 2013).…”

Section: Soft Sediment Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some species have demonstrated the ability to use near-bottom currents to move between feeding grounds in a controlled manner through changes in body posture (Osborn et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2013). Estimation of the area of their traces in the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at around 2,500 m depth revealed that enteropneusts contribute significantly to the surficial deposit feeding (Jones et al, 2013). This was unexpected because local deposit feeding megafaunal density was dominated by holothurians, with only a relatively small proportion of enteropneusts (Jones et al, 2013).…”

Section: Soft Sediment Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical distribution of megafauna on the Bering Sea slope based on ROV survey

Rybakova

Galkin

Gebruk

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Video surveys were carried out during the 75th cruise of the RV Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev (June 2016) along the northern slope of the Volcanologists Massif, in the south-western Bering Sea. The seafloor was explored using the ROV Comanche 18. Seven dives were performed in the depth range from 4,278 m to 349 m. Overall, about 180 species of megafauna were recognised. Fifteen types of megafauna communities corresponding to certain depth ranges were distinguished based on the most abundant taxa. Dominance changed with depth in the following order: the holothurian Kolga kamchatica at the maximum depth (4,277–4,278 m); the holothurian Scotoplanes kurilensis at 3,610–2,790 m; the ophiuroid Ophiura bathybia at 3,030–2,910 m; benthic shrimps of the family Crangonidae at 2,910–2,290 m; the holothurian Paelopatides solea at 2,650–2,290 m; benthic jellyfish from the family Rhopalonematidae at 2,470–2,130 m; the enteropneust Torquaratoridae at 2,290–1,830 m; the holothurian Synallactes chuni and the ophiuroid of the genera Ophiura and Ophiocantha at 1,830–1,750 m. At depths 1,750–720 m most of the megafauna was associated with live or dead colonies of the sponge Farrea spp. Depths 720–390 m were dominated by the coral Heteropolypus ritteri and/or Corallimorphus pilatus. At 390–350 m depth, the shallowest depth range, the dominant taxon was the zoantharian Epizoanthus sp. Soft sediment megafauna communities dominated by torquaratorid enteropneusts to our knowledge have not been observed before in the deep-sea, the same as communities with a dominance of benthopelagic rhopalonematid jellyfish. The depths of the largest community changes, or the largest turnover of dominant species, were revealed at ∼2,790 m between the bathyal and abyssal zones and ∼1,750 m and ∼720 m within the bathyal zone.

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Section: Soft Sediment Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Sediment Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Sediment Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical distribution of megafauna on the Bering Sea slope based on ROV survey

Rybakova

Galkin

Gebruk

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…This is the result of very limited in-situ observations. Deep-sea time-lapse photography has proved valuable in recording the feeding behavior and burrow creation of echiurans (Bett and Rice, 1993;Bett et al, 1995;Ohta, 1984), the foraging behavior of enteropneusts (Jones et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2005) and bathyal shrimp (Lampitt and Burnham, 1983), the activity and bioturbation of echinoderms (Bett et al, 2001;Vardaro et al, 2009), and the behaviour of anthozoans (Ansell and Peck, 2000;Lampitt and Paterson, 1987). Time-lapse imagery has previously been used to observe the movement of I. vagabunda between burrows, leading to the suggestion that it had a hemisessile lifestyle (Riemann-Zürneck, 1997b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Durden¹,

Bett²,

Ruhl³

2015

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tIosactis vagabunda Riemann-Zürneck, 1997 (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae) is a small endomyarian anemone, recently quantified as the greatest contributor to megafaunal density (48%; 2372 individuals ha À 1 ) on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP). We used time-lapse photography to observe 18 individuals over a period of approximately 20 months at 8-h intervals, and one individual over 2 weeks at 20-mine intervals, and report observations on its burrowing activity, and both deposit and predatory feeding behaviours. We recorded the apparent subsurface movement of an individual from an abandoned burrow to a new location, and burrow creation there. Raptorial deposit feeding on settled phytodetritus particles was observed, as was predation on a polychaete 6-times the estimated biomass of the anemone. Though essentially unnoticed in prior studies of the PAP, I. vagabunda may be a key component of the benthic community, and may make a critical contribution to the carbon cycling at the PAP longterm time-series study site.

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“…(2) enteropneust fresh wet mass was estimated from body width and mean body length (from Smith et al 2005), and computed using the body geometry method of Jones et al (2013); and (3) echiuran fresh wet mass was estimated as the geometric mean of trawl-caught specimen preserved wet mass, converted to fresh wet mass (per Durden et al 2016). Ingestion was estimated by taxon (t) and site (x) as I tx = R tx S t DC x , where I is ingestion rate (mg C/h), R is the geometric mean tracking rate (cm 2 /h), S is the sediment thickness ingested (cm), D is the sediment bulk density (g dry mass/cm 3 ), and C is site-specific sediment organic carbon content (mg C/g).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abyssal deposit‐feeding rates consistent with the metabolic theory of ecology

Durden

Bett

Huffard

et al. 2019

Ecology

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The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) posits that metabolic rate controls ecological processes, such as the rate of resource uptake, from the individual‐ to the ecosystem‐scale. Metabolic rate has been found empirically to be an exponential function of whole organism body mass. We test a fundamental assumption of MTE, whether resource uptake scales to metabolism, by examining detritivores accessing a single common resource pool, an ideal study case. We used an existing empirical model of ingestion for aquatic deposit feeders adjusted for temperature to test whether ingestion by abyssal deposit feeders conforms to MTE‐predicted feeding rates. We estimated the sediment deposit‐feeding rates of large invertebrates from two abyssal study sites using time‐lapse photography, and related those rates to body mass, environmental temperature, and sediment organic matter content using this framework. Ingestion was significantly related to individual wet mass, with a mass‐scaling coefficient of 0.81, with 95% confidence intervals that encompass the MTE‐predicted value of 0.75, and the same pattern determined in other aquatic systems. Our results also provide insight into the potential mechanism through which this fundamental assumption operates. After temperature correction, both deep‐ and shallow‐water taxa might be summarized into a single mass‐scaled ingestion rate.

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Deep-sea surface-dwelling enteropneusts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Their ecology, distribution and mode of life

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Vertical distribution of megafauna on the Bering Sea slope based on ROV survey

Vertical distribution of megafauna on the Bering Sea slope based on ROV survey

The hemisessile lifestyle and feeding strategies of Iosactis vagabunda (Actiniaria, Iosactiidae), a dominant megafaunal species of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain

Abyssal deposit‐feeding rates consistent with the metabolic theory of ecology

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