Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer improves yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns of transplanted fine rice

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds to two-third of the global population by serving as staple food. It is the main export commodity of several countries; thus, contributes towards foreign exchange earnings. Unfortunately, average global rice yield is far below than its genetic potential. Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is among the major reasons for low average yield. Current study evaluated the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application methods (conventional and deep placement) on growth, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, agronomic N-use efficiency (ANUE), partial factors productivity of applied N (PFP) and economic returns of two different transplanted rice varieties (Basmati-515 and Super-Basmati). Fertilizer application methods significantly affected allometry, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns. Deep placement of N-fertilizer (DPNF) observed better allometric traits, high chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, yield attributes and economic returns compared to conventional application of N-fertilizer (CANF). Similarly, Basmati-515 had better allometric and yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns than Super-Basmati. Regarding interactions among N-fertilizer application methods and rice varieties, Basmati-515 with DPNF resulted in higher chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, allometric and yield related traits and economic returns than CANF. The lowest values of these traits were observed for Super-Basmati with no application of N-fertilizer. Both varieties had better yield and economic returns with DPNF compared to CANF. It is concluded that DPNF improved yield, ANUE and economic returns; therefore, should be opted to improve productivity of transplanted fine rice. Nonetheless, lower nitrogen doses need to be tested for DPNF to infer whether it could lower N use in rice crop.

The influence of vermicomposting on photosynthetic activity and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) crop under semi-arid climate

“…cineraria (resulted in the highest values of micronutrients and phenolic contents ( Table 5 ). Results of our study are in accordance with the findings of earlier studies [ 44 – 47 ]. The organic matter, i.e., FYM mainly supplies beneficial nutrients to crop and enhances its productivity significantly [ 48 ].…”

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

“…The effect of N and P levels on the yield components of rapeseed showed that their application improved the qualitative and quantitative traits compared to the non-application of these elements. Other researchers also found an increase in yield due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer [41][42][43][44] whereas nitrogen application in excess can induce plant lodging, reduce oil content, and increase chlorophyll content of the seed [45]. On the other hand, the P necessary for high yields usually results from P addition or from being combined with different levels of nitrogen [45,46].…”

Kinetin mitigates Cd-induced damagesto growth, photosynthesis and PS II photochemistry of Trigonella seedlings by up-regulating ascorbate-glutathione cycle

“…Cytokinins (CKs) for example, take part in numerous physiological activities such as cell division and morphogenesis, flower and seed development and chloroplast development [12][13][14][15][16]. CKs can also regulate the abiotic stresses by the up-regulation of nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense system of plants [12,[17][18][19][20][21]; the importance of CKs in the regulation of heavy metal stress tolerance in plants is well known [11,17,18,22], but the mechanism of CKs induced regulation of heavy metal stress tolerance needs further investigation. The work reported here aimed to determine the effect of exogenous application of different level of KN (KN L , KN M and KN H ) on Trigonella seedlings (in order to counteract Cd phyto-toxicity) by examining their effects on growth and photochemistry of the PS II and AsA-GSH cycles.…”