Deep Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Drago, Russell S.; Petrosius, Steven C.; Grunewald, Gerald C.; Brendley, William H.

doi:10.1021/bk-1994-0552.ch028

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Alumina-supported chromium oxides have been studied extensively due to their potential application in emission control catalysis. − Chemical and physical properties such as low-temperature efficiency for hydrocarbon − and chlorinated hydrocarbon oxidation, − low selectivity for Cl 2 formation , and high resistance to HCl poisoning during chlorinated hydrocarbon oxidation, NO reduction with CO and NH 3 , high thermal stability, , and mechanical durability 12 make Cr/Al 2 O 3 catalysts suitable candidates for industrial waste treatment. Chromium oxide is also an effective promoter for copper oxide catalysts used for CO and hydrocarbon oxidation and NO reduction. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and CH₄ Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al₂O₃ Catalysts

and

Ledford

1997

Langmuir

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to characterize a series of Cr/Al2O3 catalysts (designated “Cry”). The information obtained from surface and bulk characterization has been correlated with the CH4 oxidation activity of the Cry catalysts. For catalysts with Cr/Al atomic ratio = 0.013, XPS results indicated that most of the Cr was present as a highly dispersed Cr6+ surface phase. Catalysts with intermediate Cr loadings (0.027 ≤ Cr/Al atomic ratio ≤ 0.080) showed no XRD peak characteristic of chromium oxide; however, XPS data indicated that the Cr dispersion decreased and the concentration of Cr3+ species increased with increasing Cr content. For catalysts with high Cr loadings (Cr/Al atomic ratio ≥ 0.107), large Cr2O3 crystallites were detected by XRD. The specific activity for CH4 oxidation increased with increasing Cr content up to Cr/Al = 0.107. This has been attributed to an increase in the amount of Cr(III)−Cr(VI) cluster present in the catalysts. A decrease in CH4 oxidation activity observed for Cr-rich catalysts (Cr/Al = 0.13) has been ascribed to the formation of poorly dispersed Cr2O3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and CH₄ Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al₂O₃ Catalysts

and

Ledford

1997

Langmuir

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“…Although one study [31] reported that water vapor could have negative effects on the oxidation performance of some catalysts, others [32] found that the presence of water improves the catalytic oxidation efficiency of some chlorinated compounds (e.g., methylene chloride). Another study [33] claimed that the oxidation of hydrocarbons in mixtures with nitrogen-containing compounds might be inhibited; however, in this study, neither water vapor nor acetonitrile had any inhibitory effects on the oxidation of other ingredients and the overall oxidation efficiency.…”

Section: Mixture and Inhibition Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Oxidation of Mixed Wastes Containing High Organic Content—Emission Reduction and the Effect of Steam

Chang

Than

Morimoto

et al. 2006

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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To resolve mixed organic and radioactive waste disposal problems, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) initiated a treatability study using the catalytic chemical oxidation (CCO) system to oxidize a mixed-waste stream and to confine tritium as part of LBNL's pollution prevention program. LBNL has also adopted a legal approach by seeking an equivalent waste-treatment determination for the CCO process, and by petitioning the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to delist F-coded treatment residues. The results of this study demonstrate that (1) the CCO process can treat aqueous wastes containing a broad range of organic chemicals and achieve more than 99.999% destruction efficiency; (2) greater than 99.9% trapping efficiency for tritiated water can be achieved using an emission-reduction system that also confines the vapor of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to the liquid residue; and (3) neutralized treatment residues can be disposed of as low-level radioactive waste at a permitted facility after EPA has approved LBNL's petitions, or the tritium in the residues can be recycled. The high oxidation efficiency of the CCO process is mainly due to the optimized operating conditions of the CCO process and the combined effect of steam reforming in the oxidation cell and the catalytic oxidation of organic mixtures and CO in the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst bed.

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“…1,9,[16][17][18][19] Metal oxide catalysts are generally less active than noble metals, but they are somewhat more resistant to poisoning by trace contaminants such as organohalogens, lead, phosphorus, or sulfur-containing compounds present in many VOC airstreams of practical interest. 3,[20][21][22] In addition, high price and limited supply place noble metals at disadvantages that, therefore, have spurred considerable interest in search of suitable catalysts among the transition-metal oxides exhibiting activities not substantially lower than those of noble metals. Chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) has been reported to be one such highly active catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene,n-Hexane, and Emission Gas from a Refinery Oil/Water Separator over a Chromium Oxide Catalyst

Wang

Chou

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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With the advances made in the past decade, catalytic incineration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become the technology of choice in a wide range of pollution abatement strategies. In this study, a test was undertaken for the catalytic incineration, over a chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) catalyst, of n-hexane, benzene, and an emission air/vapor mixture collected from an oil/water separator of a refinery. Reactions were carried out by controlling the feed stream to constant VOC concentrations and temperatures, in the ranges of 1300-14,700 mg/m 3 and 240-400 °C, respectively. The destruction efficiency for each of the three VOCs as a function of influent gas temperature and empty bed gas residence time was obtained.Results indicate that n-hexane and the oil vapor with a composition of straight-and branch-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons exhibited similar catalytic incineration effects, while benzene required a higher incineration temperature or longer gas retention time to achieve comparable results. IMPLICATIONSEmissions from oil/water separators in petroleum refineries generally contain thousands of mg/m 3 of light aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Complete catalytic oxidation has been identified as one of the most economical and efficient techniques for the abatement of these volatile compounds. There are few reports concerning the kinetic study of the complete catalytic oxidation of these compounds over metal oxide catalysts, especially Cr 2 O 3 . This paper assists in understanding the kinetics of deep catalytic oxidation of benzene, n-hexane, and a waste oil vapor from a refinery oil/water separator. The present work also provides data on the appropriate oxidation temperatures and gas residence times for catalytic incineration of the three VOCs over a bed of commercial Cr 2 O 3 catalysts.In the range of the VOC concentrations studied, at a given gas residence time, increasing the operating temperature of the catalyst bed increased the destruction efficiency. However, the much higher temperatures required for a destruction efficiency of over 99% may be not cost-effective and are not suggested. A first-order kinetics with respect to VOC concentration and an Arrhenius temperature dependence of the kinetic constant appeared to be an adequate representation for the catalytic oxidation of these volatile organics. Activation energy and kinetic constants were estimated for each of the VOCs. Low-temperature destruction of the target volatile organics could be achieved by using the Cr 2 O 3 catalyst.

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Deep Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Cited by 11 publications

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Characterization and CH₄ Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al₂O₃ Catalysts

Characterization and CH₄ Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al₂O₃ Catalysts

Catalytic Oxidation of Mixed Wastes Containing High Organic Content—Emission Reduction and the Effect of Steam

Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene,n-Hexane, and Emission Gas from a Refinery Oil/Water Separator over a Chromium Oxide Catalyst

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Deep Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Cited by 11 publications

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Characterization and CH4 Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al2O3 Catalysts

Characterization and CH4 Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al2O3 Catalysts

Catalytic Oxidation of Mixed Wastes Containing High Organic Content—Emission Reduction and the Effect of Steam

Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene,n-Hexane, and Emission Gas from a Refinery Oil/Water Separator over a Chromium Oxide Catalyst

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Characterization and CH₄ Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al₂O₃ Catalysts

Characterization and CH₄ Oxidation Activity of Cr/Al₂O₃ Catalysts