“…However, the limited practical application of Pt catalysts in DMFCs is mainly attributed to their low utilization efficiency and high cost per unit area. Advances in nanotechnology have accelerated progress in many fields. − To overcome this challenge, researchers have explored different types of carbon supports including single-walled carbon nanotubes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, cup-stacked-type carbon nanotubes, and graphitic carbon nanofibers. These carbon supports exhibit excellent conductivity and serve as effective platforms for uniformly dispersing platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). ,− …”