“…By applying the MC PM process to synthetic data, we have shown that, in most cases, t e provides the most significant contribution to the overall uncertainty in z N , of the three errors explored. Since t e is the most significant source of uncertainty in an output model, field effort should be directed towards maximising SNR -i.e., through the use of more energetic seismic sources and short maximum source-geophone offsets, minimising wind noise on geophones, stacking more sources at any shotpoint, and/or through applying advanced first-break picking techniques (e.g., Zhao et al, 2022). In addition to minimising t e , efforts should be made to obtain accurate estimates of the magnitude of this error to provide realistic estimates of output uncertainties (e.g., Abakumov et al, 2020).…”