Deep insights to explain the mechanism of carbon dot formation at various reaction times using the hydrothermal technique: FT-IR, ¹³C-NMR, ¹H-NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopic approaches

Abstract

The mechanism for synthesizing CDs remains unclear. This graphical abstract proposes a one-step hydrothermal method for CD formation from 4-aminoantipyrine, with varying reaction times. It illustrates the key steps involved in the synthesis process.

Environmentally sustainable synthesis of whey-based carbon dots for ferric ion detection in human serum and water samples: evaluating the greenness of the method

“…1C) have a d-spacing of approximately 0.34 nm, consistent with the lattice of graphitic carbon's (100) plane. 57,58 Interestingly, the CDs do not exhibit a distinct crystal lattice, implying an amorphous structural nature.…”

Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Recent Advancements in Biomedical, Optoelectronics, Sensing, and Catalysis Applications

“…However, another peak with varying strength at 285 nm was noticed after 12, 15, 18, and 21 h. This peak is thought to be caused by nonbonding orbitals such as C=O bonds transitioning to the n−p* state. 97 2.3.2. Photoluminescence.…”

“…(B) Absorption spectra of 4AA and NCDs at various times; inset pictures of NCDs obtained under 365 nm UV light (down) and in the daytime (up). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

An overview on animal/human biomass-derived carbon dots for optical sensing and bioimaging applications

“…With time, the shells collapse with the evolution of the graphitised core in the form of N-CDs. Recently, Mohammed et al 95 investigated the effect of reaction time on the formation mechanism of N-CDs derived from 4-aminoantipyrine under HT condition. The spectroscopic results indicated the reduction and enhancement of the peak intensities in the aromatic and aliphatic/carbonyl group region, respectively, with the extension of the reaction time, indicating the structural changes during the synthesis process.…”