Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones

Cui, Yingna; Li, Changping; Bao, Ming

doi:10.1515/gps-2019-0026

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our process using a “2-in-1” DES as media is rather more straightforward comparatively, but more time and investigation are needed to overcome challenges to make it relevant for industrial production. In regard to DSP, it has been shown in several studies that DESs can be recycled as well [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. In our case and for an efficient liquid–liquid extraction, the “2-in-1” DES was first disrupted via aqueous solvation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Sorbitol Laurate in a “2-in-1” Deep Eutectic System: Factors Affecting the Synthesis and Scalability

et al. 2021

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Surfactants, such as glycolipids, are specialty compounds that can be encountered daily in cleaning agents, pharmaceuticals or even in food. Due to their wide range of applications and, more notably, their presence in hygiene products, the demand is continuously increasing worldwide. The established chemical synthesis of glycolipids presents several disadvantages, such as lack of specificity and selectivity. Moreover, the solubility of polyols, such as sugars or sugar alcohols, in organic solvents is rather low. The enzymatic synthesis of these compounds is, however, possible in nearly water-free media using inexpensive and renewable building blocks. Using lipases, ester formation can be achieved under mild conditions. We propose, herein, a “2-in-1” system that overcomes solubility problems, as a Deep Eutectic System (DES) made of sorbitol and choline chloride replaces either a purely organic or aqueous medium. For the first time, 16 commercially available lipase formulations were compared, and the factors affecting the conversion were investigated to optimize this process, owing to a newly developed High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (HPLC-ELSD) method for quantification. Thus, using 50 g/L of lipase formulation Novozym 435® at 50 °C, the optimized synthesis of sorbitol laurate (SL) allowed to achieve 28% molar conversion of 0.5 M of vinyl laurate to its sugar alcohol monoester when the DES contained 5 wt.% water. After 48h, the de novo synthesized glycolipid was separated from the media by liquid–liquid extraction, purified by flash-chromatography and characterized thoroughly by one- and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments combined to Mass Spectrometry (MS). In completion, we provide initial proof of scalability for this process. Using a 2.5 L stirred tank reactor (STR) allowed a batch production reaching 25 g/L in a highly viscous two-phase system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Sorbitol Laurate in a “2-in-1” Deep Eutectic System: Factors Affecting the Synthesis and Scalability

et al. 2021

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“…Organic solvents have excellent dissolution abilities. However, they have many disadvantages, such as accumulation in the atmosphere (low boiling temperature), flammability, toxicity, non-biodegradability, and cost [ 106 ].…”

Section: Recovery Of Valuable Products From Distillery Stillagementioning

confidence: 99%

Distillery Stillage: Characteristics, Treatment, and Valorization

Mikucka

Zielińska

2020

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Distilleries are among the most polluting industries because ethanol fermentation results in the discharge of large quantities of high-strength liquid effluents with high concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen compounds, low pH, high temperature, dark brown color, and high salinity. The most common method of managing this wastewater (distillery stillage) is to use it for soil conditioning, but this requires thickening the wastewater and may cause soil pollution due to its high nitrogen content. Therefore, treatment of distillery stillage is preferable. This review discusses individual biological and physico-chemical treatment methods and combined technologies. In addition, special attention is paid to valorization of distillery stillage, which is a valuable source of polysaccharides and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), as well as natural antioxidants, including polyphenols and other bioactive compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. New directions in improvement of valorization technologies are highlighted, including the search for new eutectic solvents for extracting these compounds. Such technologies are essential for sustainable development, which requires the use of management and valorization strategies for recovery of valuable compounds with minimal disposal of waste streams.

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“…The rapid developments in the use of DES systems seen over the past twenty years have emerged due to their appealing properties they possess, in particular their ease of preparation compared to ionic liquids (ILs [ 11 ]). DES systems are powerful solvents that exhibit negligible volatility, are non-flammable and certain classes are electrically conductive; they can also be recycled through recovery of the respective solvent components [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. DES systems are largely considered to be non-toxic [ 15 ], although it is worth noting that DESs consisting of individual components that are considered to be safe show increased cytotoxicity relative to aqueous mixtures of the components [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science

Nahar

Thickett

2021

Polymers

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent an emergent class of green designer solvents that find numerous applications in different aspects of chemical synthesis. A particularly appealing aspect of DES systems is their simplicity of preparation, combined with inexpensive, readily available starting materials to yield solvents with appealing properties (negligible volatility, non-flammability and high solvation capacity). In the context of polymer science, DES systems not only offer an appealing route towards replacing hazardous volatile organic solvents (VOCs), but can serve multiple roles including those of solvent, monomer and templating agent—so called “polymerizable eutectics.” In this review, we look at DES systems and polymerizable eutectics and their application in polymer materials synthesis, including various mechanisms of polymer formation, hydrogel design, porous monoliths, and molecularly imprinted polymers. We provide a comparative study of these systems alongside traditional synthetic approaches, highlighting not only the benefit of replacing VOCs from the perspective of environmental sustainability, but also the materials advantage with respect to mechanical and thermal properties of the polymers formed.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Sorbitol Laurate in a “2-in-1” Deep Eutectic System: Factors Affecting the Synthesis and Scalability

Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Sorbitol Laurate in a “2-in-1” Deep Eutectic System: Factors Affecting the Synthesis and Scalability

Distillery Stillage: Characteristics, Treatment, and Valorization

Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science

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