Deep eutectic solvent promoted tunable synthesis of nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbons from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for supercapacitors

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Boosting Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion: A Review and Perspective

“…Typically, various carbon materials have been prepared using DESs as the precursor. [102][103][104][105] Besides, DESs have attracted interest in exfoliating layered nanomaterials. [106] It should be noted that the study of using DES to prepare new materials is still in its infancy, especially for those related to energy storage applications.…”

“…Various intrinsic nitrogen (N)-doped carbons have been obtained by direct carbonization of DESs. [103][104][105] For example, N/O self-doped hollow carbon nanorods (HCNs) with micro/ mesoporous walls were prepared using a particularly designed DES. [116] As shown in Figure 8a, the DES was obtained through the hydrogen-bond interactions among urea, 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and ZnCl 2 .…”

Synthesis of Highly Ion-Conductive Lignin Eutectogels in a Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent and Nitrogen-Doped 3D Hierarchical Porous Carbons for Supercapacitors

“…DESs are green solvents of biomass that have attracted much attention recently, especially for lignin. ,− According to the reports, DESs can not only control the orderly synthesis of nanocatalysts. , In addition, DESs containing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds also have a good ability to prepare nitrogen-doped carbons . Besides, DES-assisted coagulation can lead to the formation of monolithic carbon-containing highly crosslinked clusters and assemble them into a rigid and interconnected hierarchical structure. ,− Recently, Chen et al prepared a nitrogen-doped porous carbon electrode by simple mixing and sintering of lignin and DESs with a specific capacitance of 177.5 F g –1 at a current density of 0.5 A g –1 . By adjusting the components, DESs can also be used as solvents for various reactions. − …”

“…As the major context of lignocellulose biomass, lignin has recently been used in the energy industry due to the advantages of being rich in sources, renewable, and low cost and having a large number of reactive groups, which is an ideal precursor for new materials and carbon electrodes. − Therefore, lignin is widely considered for carbon material precursors. In existing studies, the synthetic path has direct carbonization, electrostatic spinning, physical chemistry activation, and so forth, and the heteroatom-oped precursor has phytic acid, thionyl chloride, melamine, urea, or the like. However, in the field of lignin-derived carbon materials, fewer people use lignin gel as the precursor.…”

Synthesis of hydrophilic hierarchical carbon via autonomous SiO 2 etching by fluorinated polymers for aqueous supercapacitor

“…A variety of recent articles have endeavored to manufacture the hierarchical carbonaceous material with wide pore range to achieve fast rechargeability and high energy density in supercapacitors. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] As a direct route for meso-sized pore acquisition in carbon, a template method has long been used to derive ordered and disordered porous carbons. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In this hard templating, the carbon precursor/inorganic framework is formed first, accompanied by pore creation through discarding the template.…”