Deep eutectic solvent for spent lithium-ion battery recycling: comparison with inorganic acid leaching

Li, Bensheng; Li, Qingzhu; Wang, Qingwei; Yan, Xuelei; Shi, Miao; Wu, Chao

doi:10.1039/d1cp05968h

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…The post-treatment acidic solution contains several metal ions that can be harmful to health [ 15 ]. One of them is cobalt(II), which has good solubility in water and can cause a negative effect on the integrated control of environmental pollution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, given the severe economic impact associated with the recirculation and recovery of materials from spent batteries and accumulators, the development of materials using them is highly important. The efficiency of LIBs leaching is strongly dependent on leaching agent composition, and the process temperature, time, and dosage [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] provide higher efficiency in the leaching process. Before leaching, one can apply the pretreatment of active electrode materials [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling of Acid-Leaching Solutions from Li-Ion Battery Waste Treatment through the Facile Synthesis of Magnetorheological Fluid

et al. 2023

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The rapidly growing production and usage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dramatically raises the number of harmful wastes. Consequently, the LIBs waste management processes, taking into account reliability, efficiency, and sustainability criteria, became a hot issue in the context of environmental protection as well as the scarcity of metal resources. In this paper, we propose for the first time a functional material—a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) from the LIBs-based liquid waste containing heavy metal ions. At first, the spent battery waste powder was treated with acid-leaching, where the post-treatment acid-leaching solution (ALS) contained heavy metal ions including cobalt. Then, ALS was used during wet co-precipitation to obtain cobalt-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and as an effect, the harmful liquid waste was purified from cobalt. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized with SEM, TEM, XPS, and magnetometry. Subsequently, superparamagnetic nanoparticles sized 15 nm average in diameter and magnetization saturation of about 91 emu g−1 doped with Co were used to prepare the MRF that increases the viscosity by about 300% in the presence of the 100 mT magnetic fields. We propose a facile and cost-effective way to utilize harmful ALS waste and use them in the preparation of superparamagnetic particles to be used in the magnetorheological fluid. This work describes for the first time the second life of the battery waste in the MRF and a facile way to remove the harmful ingredients from the solutions obtained after the acid leaching of LIBs as an effective end-of-life option for hydrometallurgical waste utilization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of Acid-Leaching Solutions from Li-Ion Battery Waste Treatment through the Facile Synthesis of Magnetorheological Fluid

et al. 2023

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“…To verify the properties of the as-prepared UC13-DESs and UC13-FA2.4-DESs, FT-IR spectroscopy investigated the variation of intermolecular interactions and functional groups between CPL, UR, and FA (Figure a,b). The UR molecules, − CPL molecules, , and FA molecules , of characteristic absorption peaks are shown in the Supporting Information (3.1). Nearly all the characteristic peaks of functional groups belonging to CPL and UR were still retained in UC13-DESs, suggesting that no new substances were generated .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Low-Cost, Green, and Recyclable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Selective Separation and Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries

Cao,

Ma,

Yang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Compared to traditional solvents, green solvents such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, have many advantages such as high designability and being environmentally friendly, and are excellent solvents for the sustainable and efficient recovery of SLIBs under mild conditions. , However, the low viscosity and high volatility of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents at high temperatures pose significant safety and environmental pressures. , A microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DESs) system has been designed to selectively leach Li and recover high-purity cobalt oxalate simultaneously, which could greatly shorten the extraction time and decrease the leaching temperature. − Thus, it is expected that the application of ultrasound to treat a mixture of a deep eutectic solvent and separated electrode materials from SLIBs can greatly enhance the leaching efficiency of valuable metals from the LIBs via the deep eutectic solvent, which can be attributed to the increase in the penetration of deep eutectic solvents through the cavitation effect of ultrasound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Ultrasound-Assisted Recycling and Utilization of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Tong,

Ren,

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries can not only reduce the potential harm caused by solid waste piles to the local environment but also provide raw materials for manufacturing new batteries. Power ultrasound is one of the effective means to enhance the resourceful recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, and the unique physical and chemical effects are the main mechanisms that lead to the enhancement. A large number of studies reported the recycling and utilization of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries with the assistance of ultrasound. In this paper, first, we discuss the pathway of ultrasonic enhancement of the resource-based recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries regarding the introduction of ultrasonic cavitation theories; second, we systematically review the research of ultrasonic applications in the separation of metal collectors from, the recovery of, and the regeneration of cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries; finally, shortcomings of the ultrasound-assisted technology in industrial applications are discussed, and prospects of industrial ultrasonic applications in the resource recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries are proposed.

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Deep eutectic solvent for spent lithium-ion battery recycling: comparison with inorganic acid leaching

Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as novel green solvents are potential options to replace inorganic acids for hydrometallurgy.

Cited by 21 publications

References 176 publications

Upcycling of Acid-Leaching Solutions from Li-Ion Battery Waste Treatment through the Facile Synthesis of Magnetorheological Fluid

Upcycling of Acid-Leaching Solutions from Li-Ion Battery Waste Treatment through the Facile Synthesis of Magnetorheological Fluid

Designing Low-Cost, Green, and Recyclable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Selective Separation and Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries

Review of Ultrasound-Assisted Recycling and Utilization of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

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