Deep electromagnetic sounding of the lithosphere in the eastern Baltic (fennoscandian) shield with high-power controlled sources and industrial power transmission lines (FENICS experiment)

Жамалетдинов, А. А.; Shevtsov, A. N.; Korotkova, T. G.; Kopytenko, Yu. A.; Ismagilov, V. S.; Petrishev, M. S.; Efimov, B. V.; Баранник, М. Б.; Колобов, В. В.; Prokopchuk, P. I.; Smirnov, Maxim; Vagin, S. A.; Pertel, M.I.; Tereshchenko, E. D.; Vasil’ev, A. N.; Grigoryev, V. M.; Гохберг, М. Б.; Trofimchik, V. I.; Yampolsky, Yu.; Koloskov, A. V.; Федоров, А. В.; Korja, T.

doi:10.1134/s1069351311010149

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Two mutually orthogonal industrial power transmition lines of 110 and 120 km lengths (Fig. 8) with the generator of 200 kW were used to estimate of the transversal resistance T [ȍǜm 2 ] of the lithosphere in the frequency range 0.1-200 Hz (Zhamaletdinov et al 2011). Spacing between transmitters and receiving points reached 700 km.…”

Section: Results Of Deep Soundingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of Crust and Mantle Soundings in Central and Northern Europe in the 21st Century (Review)

Semenov

2015

Acta Geophys.

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The first decade of 21st century is characterized by the appearance of new approaches to deep induction soundings. The theory of magnetovariation and magnetotelluric soundings was generalised or corrected. Spatial derivatives of response functions (induction arrows) were obtained for the ultra-long periods. New phenomena have been detected by this method: secular variations of the Earth's apparent resistivity and the rapid changes of induction arrows over the last 50 years. The first one can be correlated with the number of earthquakes, and the second onewith geomagnetic jerks in Central Europe. The extensive studies of geoelectrical structure of the crust and mantle were realized in the frame of a series of international projects. New information about geoelectrical structures of the crust in Northern Europe and Ukraine was obtained by deep electromagnetic soundings involving controlled powerful sources. An influence of the crust magnetic permeability on the deep sounding results was confirmed.

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Section: Results Of Deep Soundingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of Crust and Mantle Soundings in Central and Northern Europe in the 21st Century (Review)

Semenov

2015

Acta Geophys.

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“…Therefore, there is an urgent need to study new EM detection techniques to make up for the shortcomings of traditional EM methods and to meet the needs of deep resources exploration in the new era. In the past few decades, the progress in the development of technical means for transmitting and receiving EM signals made it possible to receive signals from high-power extremely low-frequency (ELF) transmitting facilities [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that the ELF-EM method is an effective tool for probing the deep underground in a variety of geologic settings [20]. Considering that the skin depth increases as frequency decreases, ELF waves at a proper frequency can penetrate several to ten kilometers below the Earth's surface [8,25], and therefore the received response contains rich information about the deep stratigraphic structure. With a renewed interest in deep exploration, for the first time, Bannister [13] measured the effective Earth conductivity at 45 and 75 Hz beneath the antennas of the Wisconsin Test Facility, and Fraser-Smith [6] measured the man-made ELF signals from the Russian ELF transmitter near the polar region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a renewed interest in deep exploration, for the first time, Bannister [13] measured the effective Earth conductivity at 45 and 75 Hz beneath the antennas of the Wisconsin Test Facility, and Fraser-Smith [6] measured the man-made ELF signals from the Russian ELF transmitter near the polar region. Zhamaletdinov et al [8] used two mutually orthogonal industrial transmission lines to transmit EM signals from 0.1 to 200 Hz, and revealed the strong lateral homogeneity of the geoelectric profile of the Earth's crust below a depth of 10-15 km. However, the further applications of ELF in deep resources exploration have not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Spherical “Earth–Ionosphere” Model for Deep Resource Exploration Using Artificial ELF-EM Field

Zheng

2022

Remote Sensing

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Fully coupled lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere theory has demonstrated that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EM) fields present a broad application prospect in deep resource exploration, but previous studies have ignored the contribution of the Earth’s curvature. This study extends the theory of ELF-EM over a stratified Earth to the case where the Earth’s curvature must be taken into account, and presents an analytical solution of the ELF-EM field excited by a grounded horizontal antenna in a spherical Earth–ionosphere model, whose theoretical approach and solution method are notably different from the flat Earth–ionosphere model. Additionally, the Earth is treated as a concentric-layered sphere rather than an ideal homogeneous sphere. We aim to investigate the effects of the Earth’s curvature on the surface field, so as to broaden the coverage of the ELF wave in resource exploration. The solution is mathematically accurate and physically reasonable, since it reflects the sphericity and radially stratified structure of the Earth. We first verify the correctness and reliability of the proposed method by comparing the results with FDTD in a full-space spherical model. Additionally, we then compared the spherical results with the conventional controlled-source electromagnetic method and flat Earth–ionosphere results. The results show that when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is comparable to the Earth radius, the spherical model better reflects the resonance of the wave in the cavity, suggesting that the effect of the Earth’s curvature is not negligible. Then, the numerical simulations conducted to investigate the properties of the EM fields and their sensitivities to the conductivity at depth in the Earth are discussed. Finally, the EM responses of some simple electrical conductivity structures models are modeled to illustrate their prospects in future resource exploration.

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On the Nature of the Brittle-Ductile Transition Zone in the Earth’s Crust (Review)

Жамалетдинов

2019

Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences

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Deep electromagnetic sounding of the lithosphere in the eastern Baltic (fennoscandian) shield with high-power controlled sources and industrial power transmission lines (FENICS experiment)

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Results of Crust and Mantle Soundings in Central and Northern Europe in the 21st Century (Review)

Results of Crust and Mantle Soundings in Central and Northern Europe in the 21st Century (Review)

A Spherical “Earth–Ionosphere” Model for Deep Resource Exploration Using Artificial ELF-EM Field

On the Nature of the Brittle-Ductile Transition Zone in the Earth’s Crust (Review)

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